SYMBOLIC
SYSTEMS 203:
Cognitive Science Perspectives on
Conflict, Violence, Peace, and Justice
3 units, Spring Quarter 2014-2015, Stanford University
Meeting Time: Mondays 3:15-5:45 PM beginning March
30
Location: 460-126 (Greenberg Seminar Room,
Margaret Jacks Hall)
Instructor: Todd
Davies
Instructor's Office: 460-040C (Margaret Jacks Hall, lower
level)
Email: davies at stanford dot edu
Phone: x3-4091; Fax: x3-5666
Office Hours: Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays 10:30 -
11:55 AM
Syllabus (this page): http://www.stanford.edu/class/symsys203
Interactive website: https://symsys203.wordpress.com/
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This version: May 13, 2015 [check
this site for updates]
Prerequisites:
Completion of a
course in psychology beyond the level of Psych 1, or consent of
the instructor. Note: The course materials and blog will be
publicly available, but class sessions are open only to students
enrolled in the course.
Course Overview:
This advanced small seminar explores
research by cognitive scientists on questions that have
traditionally been investigated by historians, political
scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists, e.g. What are
the sources of conflict and disagreement between people?, What
drives or reduces violence and injustice?, and What brings
about or is conducive to peace and justice? The course will be
taught as a reading seminar: We will read books and articles,
and discuss them both online and in class.
The course will be organized around two books (which
should be available prior to the first day of classes in the
textbooks department at the Stanford Bookstore):
After an overview and
introductions in week 1, the whole class will read Pinker's book,
along with some critiques and updates, over weeks 2 through 6, and
Greene's book over weeks 7 and 8. Then, for the last two
weeks of the course, students will present and lead discussions
about other works they have read related to the themes of the
course, and we will have a summation at the end. The exact
schedule of the last two weeks will depend on the number of
students enrolled and their interests. The scheduled date for Week
9 falls on Memorial Day (a holiday), so we will find a special day
and time for a makeup session that week aimed at fitting students'
availability.
The written component of the course will take place
online, with weekly 300-500 word comments on the assigned
readings, graded in a mixed instructor/peer scheme (see below
for details). Comments must be made ahead of each class
session by 5 pm so that everyone can read them before that
week's discussion. I will lead the discussions of the common readings
(weeks 2-8),
turning it over to student presenters/discussion leaders in the
last phase
(weeks 9-10).
A schedule is posted below.
Requirements:
Each student is
required to (a) attend and participate regularly, (b) do the
assigned reading and post at least one reaction comment (300 to
500 words) on this website per week, by 3 pm on the day of class, (c) read
and provide confidential peer scores for their own and other
students' comments, and (d) select and present a focus topic in
class, provide sample readings for the class at least one week
ahead of their presentation, and lead a discussion on their
focal topic during the final weeks of the course. Reaction
comments will be posted on the course blog, which will be linked
by the first day of class. Peer and self-scores will be due each
Thursday by 12 noon for the comments on the previous Monday's
reading. There is no final paper or exam in the course.
Schedule:
Week 1 (March
30) -- Overview and Introductions
Week
2 (April 6) -- The Better Angels of Our Nature,
Preface and chapters 1, 2, & 3
Week
3 (April 13) -- The
Better Angels of Our Nature, chapters 4 & 5
Week
4 (April 20) -- The
Better Angels of Our Nature, chapters 6 & 7
Week 5 (April
27) -- The Better Angels
of Our Nature, chapters 8 & 9
Week 6 (May 4) -- The Better
Angels of Our Nature, chapter 10 + reviews and updates
Week 7 (May 11) -- Moral Tribes,
Introduction and chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6
Week 8 (May
18) -- Moral
Tribes, chapters 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, & 12 + live video discussion with Joshua Greene
Week 9
(May 25) -- NO MEETING; HOLIDAY
Week 10-A
(June 1) -- Student-led Discussions I
Week 10-B
(Wednesday, June 3, 6-8:30pm) --
Student-led Discussions II
NOTE: Special day and time for our last meeting
Grading
The course grade
will be based on the following breakdown:
- 15% for
attendance and participation
- 45% for online
comments
- 40% for your
presentation and discussion leading
Grades for the
presentation/discussion leading and attendance/participation
will be assigned by me alone. Grades for comments, however, will
be graded in the following way:
Each week, I will
solicit from each student a score (out of 5 points possible) for
every other student's comments that week. Individual peer scores
will be kept confidential between me and the student issuing the
score. I will average my own score for each comment with the
median peer score for that comment to arrive at a weekly comment
score for each student.
Suggested Books for Student-Led Discussions (Weeks 9-10):
Hannah Arendt (1963), Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the
Banality of Evil
Simon Baron-Cohen (2012), The Science of Evil: On
Empathy and the Origins of Cruelty
Paul Bloom (2014), Just Babies: The
Origins of
Good and Evil
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis
(2013), A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and
Its Evolution
Patricia S. Churchland (2012), Braintrust:
What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality
Frans de Waal (2010), The Age of
Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society
Frans de Waal (2014), The Bonobo and
the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates
Nicholas Epley (2014), Mindwise: Why We
Misunderstand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want
Martha J. Farah, Editor (2010),
Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings
Douglas P. Fry, Editor (2013), War,
Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary
and Cultural Views
Dave Grossman (2009), On Killing: The Psychological
Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society (Revised
Edition)
Jonathan Haidt
(2013), The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are
Divided by Politics and Religion
Marc D. Hauser (2013),
Evilicious: Cruelty = Desire + Denial
Daniel Kahneman
(2011/2013), Thinking Fast and Slow
Ian Morris (2015), Foragers, Farmers,
and Fossil Fuels: How Human Values Evolve
Ian Morris (2014), War! What Is It
Good For?: Conflict and the Progress of Civilization from
Primates to Robots
Martin Nowak and Roger Highfield
(2012), SuperCooperators: Altruism, Evolution, and Why
We Need Each Other to Succeed
David W. Pfaff (2015), The
Altruistic Brain: How We Are Naturally Good
Massimo Pigliucci (2012), Answers
for Aristotle: How Science and Philosophy Can Lead Us to
A More Meaningful Life
Adrian Raine (2014), The Anatomy of
Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime
Peter Singer (2015), The Most Good You Can Do: How
Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living
Ethically
Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson (2008), Mistakes Were Made
(But Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad
Decisions, and Hurtful Acts
Bruce N. Waller (2014), The Stubborn System of Moral
Responsibility
David Sloan Wilson (2015), Does
Altruism Exist?: Culture, Genes, and the Welfare of Others
Philip Zimbardo (2008), The Lucifer Effect: Understanding
How Good People Turn Evil
Articles of Interest:
Reviews of and follow-ups to Pinker's The Better Angels of Our
Nature
(read at least four reviews and one of the follow-ups by
Pinker):
Max Abrahms (Summer
2012), "The
Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined"
Amazon.com, Customer
Reviews: The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence
Has Declined by Steven Pinker
Ronald Aronson (May 9, 2013), "Pinker
and Progress"
Laura L. Betzig (September 2012), "Angels
and Demons"
Chetan Bhatt (December 2013) "Simple Minds: The Evolutionary Absolutism of Stephen
[sic] Pinker"
Noam Chomsky and Lawrence
Krauss (March 22, 2015), An
Origins Project Dialogue (Part 1/2) [video, Pinker
discussion starts at 50:50]; and Stephen Pinker, "Noam
Chomsky's Misreading of Human
Nature" [video]
Stephen Corry (June 12,
2013), "The
Case of the 'Brutal Savage': Poirot or Clouseau? Why Steven
Pinker, Like Jared Diamond, Is Wrong"
Tyler Cowen (October 11,
2011), "Steven
Pinker on Violence"
Martin Daly (October
26, 2011), "Psychology:
A Farewell to Arms"
Aschwin de Wolf
(Summer 2012), "Make
Money, Not War"
Robert Epstein
(October 7, 2011), "Book
Review: The Better Angels of Our Nature"
R. Brian Ferguson
(2013), "Pinker's
List: Exaggerating Prehistoric War Mortality"
Lawrence Freedman
(September 11, 2014), "Stephen
[sic] Pinker and the Long Peace: Alliance, Deterrence, and
Decline"
Douglas P. Fry and
Patrik Söderberg (October 2014), "Myths
About Hunter-Gatherers Redux: Nomadic Forager War and Peace"
Steve Fuller
(September 4, 2012), "The
Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined -
by Steven Pinker"
Cyn Gaigals (August
11, 2014), "Where
Angels Fear to Tread"
John Gray (September
11, 2011), "Delusions
of Peace"
John Gray (March 11, 2015),
"Steven
Pinker Is Wrong About Violence and War" with response: Steven
Pinker (March 20, 2015), "Guess
What? More People Are Living in Peace Now. Just Look at the
Numbers"
Carl Haub (March 21, 2012),
"Steven
Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has
Declined"
Edward Herman (February 20,
2012), "Steven
Pinker on 'The Triumph of Angels'"
John Horgan (April 1, 2015),
"Steven
Pinker, John Gray, and the End of War"
International Studies
Review (September 27, 2013), "The Forum: The
Decline of War"
Robert Jervis
(November/December 2011), "Pinker the Prophet"
Nam C. Kim (2012), "Angels,
Illusions, Hydras, and Chimeras: Violence and Humanity"
Elizabeth Kolbert (October
3, 2011), "Peace
in Our Time"
John Lea (December
2013) "Civilising Mission"
Richard B. Lee (2014), "Hunter-Gatherers
on the Best-Seller List: Steven Pinker and the 'Bellicose
School's' Treatment of Forager Violence"
Caitlin O. Mahoney (November
2013), "Why
peace? The taming of the aggressive instinct and the evolution
of the capacity for cooperation. A review of The better angels
of our nature: Why violence has declined"
Jennifer Mitzen (June 2013),
"The Irony
of Pinkerism"
John Naughton (October
15, 2011), "Steven
Pinker: Fighting Talk From the Prophet of Peace"
[interview]
David Peterson (July 24,
2012), "Reality
Denial: Steven Pinker's Apologetics for Western Imperial
Violence"
David Peterson (December 2,
2012), "Steven
Pinker on the Alleged Decline of Violence"
Steven Pinker and
Charlie Rose (April 3, 2012), Interview
[video]
Steven Pinker (December
4, 2012), Author's
Response to Benjamin
Ziemann (April 2012), "Histories
of Violence"
Steven Pinker
(January 13, 2015), "Response
to the Book Review Symposium: Steven Pinker, The Better
Angels of Our Nature"
Steven Pinker (March 20, 2015), "Guess
What? More People Are Living in Peace Now. Just Look at the
Numbers", response
to John Gray (March 11, 2015), "Steven
Pinker Is Wrong About Violence and War"
Steven Pinker, "Frequently
Asked Questions About The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why
Violence Has Declined"
Larry Ray
(December 2013) "Book
Review Symposium: Steven Pinker, The
Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined"
Hilary Rose (December
2013) "Book
Review Symposium: Steven Pinker, The Better
Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined"
Peter Singer (October 11,
2011), "Is
Violence History?"
Timothy Snyder
(January/February 2012), "War
No More: Why the World Has Become More Peaceful"
David N. Stamos
(2012), "And
the Meek Shall Inherit the Earth (Somewhat)"
Alan A. Stone (May
2014), "Book
Reviews: The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has
Declined"
Nassim Nicholas
Taleb (2012), "The Long
Peace Is a Statistical Illusion", with respons: Steven
Pinker, "Fooled By Belligerence: Comments on Nassim Taleb's 'The
Long Peace Is A Statistical Illusion'"
Jacqui True (August
14, 2014), "Are
War and Violence Really in Decline?"
P. A. J. Waddington
(May 2, 2013), "Steven
Pinker (2012). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence
Has Declined"
Jeremy Waldron
(January 12, 2012), "A
Cheerful View of Mass Violence"
Benjamin Ziemann (April
2012), "Histories
of Violence" with Steven
Pinker's Response
Links to Programs of Interest:
Peace+Justice Studies
Initiative