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the SESQUIPEDALIAN Volume VII, No. 17
\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/
Confession Day February 13, 1996
Subject: !! Internet Downtime 12:01 a.m. 2/28 - 12:01 a.m. 3/1/97
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 1997 14:35:29 GMT-1
- --- forwarded message follows:
DO NOT CONNECT TO THE INTERNET FROM 12:01 AM GMT ON FEB. 28 TO
12:01 AM GMT, MARCH 1 !!
***********************************************************************
*** *** Attention ***
It's that time again!
As many of you know, each year the Internet must be shut down for 24
hours in order to allow us to clean it. The cleaning process, which
eliminates dead email and inactive ftp, www and gopher sites, allows
for a better-working and faster Internet.
This year, the cleaning process will take place from 12:01 a.m. GMT on
Feb. 28 until 12:01 a.m. GMT on March 1. During that 24-hour period,
five powerful Internet-crawling robots situated around the world will
search the Internet and delete any data that they find.
In order to protect your valuable data from deletion we ask that you
do the following:
1. Disconnect all terminals and local area networks from their
Internet
connections.
2. Shut down all Internet servers, or disconnect them from the
Internet.
3. Disconnect all disks and hardrives from any connections to the
Internet.
4. Refrain from connecting any computer to the Internet in any way.
We understand the inconvenience that this may cause some Internet
users, and we apologize. However, we are certain that any
inconveniences will be more than made up for by the increased speed
and efficiency of the Internet, once it has been cleared of electronic
flotsam and jetsam. We thank you for your cooperation.
Kim Dereksen
Interconnected Network Maintenance staff
Main branch, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sysops and others: Since the last Internet cleaning, the number of
Internet users has grown dramatically. Please assist us in alerting
the public of the upcoming Internet cleaning by posting this message
where your users will be able to read it. Please pass this message on
to
other sysops and Internet users as well. Thank you.
- --- end of forwarded message
HTH,
- -- Andreas
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ANDREAS SCHAMANEK <schamane@stat1.bwl.univie.ac.at> T: +43-1 29128/686
Admin @ Inst. of Statistics, Operations Research & Computer Science
BWZ, Univ. of Vienna, Bruennerstrasze 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/-\-/ LOOK WHO'S TALKING /-\-/-
-- Elizabeth Traugott will be giving two talks at Rice University this
week: 'The role of counter-expectation in semantic change: A study in
subjectification,' and 'Structural scope expansion and
grammaticalization.'
-/-\-/ LINGUISTICS COLLOQUIUM /-\-/-
Friday, Feb 14, 3:30pm
Margaret Jacks Hall (460), Room 146
Jaap van der Does
ILLC, University of Amsterdam
Direct Perception Reports
This talk is on simple and naked infinitive perception reports, such
as (1) and (2).
(1) Jack saw Chris
(2) Jack saw Chris walk
These perception reports are used to show that models developed within
cognitive psychology, as in Marr's Vision (1982), can be fruitfully
applied to the semantics and pragmatics of natural language.
Barwise 1981 and Barwise and Perry 1983 develop a semantics for
direct perception reports based on the assumption that normally the
reports are veridical; if (2) is true, so is (3).
(3) Chris walked.
However, they also noted that NI reports have non-veridical uses for
which (2) need not imply (3).
In this talk, I will argue that the veridicality of NI reports belongs to
pragmatics rather than semantics. To do so, I present a non-veridical
semantics of the reports, which is not only partial but also retractable
(e.g., we may correct reports in case of misperception). That
the retractability of the reports often goes unnoticed is a pragmatic
phenomenon: we normally expect that what we perceive will remain the
case under growth of information. This pragmatic expectation can be
given as a non-monotonic rule, which makes the perception reports
veridical.
I will indicate that the techniques presented have a wider application
within linguistics. Among other things, they can also be used to explain
the retract of information in such dialogues as:
A: 'Did you see that hawk there?'
B: 'I saw something, but it was not a hawk.
No, you're right, it is a hawk after all.'
[ The hand-out of this talk will be available on my home page:
http://turing.fwi.uva.nl/~jvddoes/ .]
------------------
Reception follows.
For directions and a complete list of colloquia, see
http://www-linguistics.stanford.edu/Linguistics/colloq/colloq.html
-/-\-/ SEMANTICS WORKSHOP /-\-/-
On Thursday February 13, Jaap van der Does will give a talk in the
semantics workshop. Time: 9-11 am. Location: MJH 146, that is the big
seminar room in the linguistics department. Title and abstract
below. All are welcome!
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Quantification and Dependent Noun Phrases
Jaap van der Does
ILLC, University of Amsterdam
In this talk I present a uniform way to interpret dependent NPs (pronouns,
anaphora,...) using contextually restricted generalized quantification.
In the early eighties, many people would have thought such an approach
impossible, given the diverging NP semantics in dynamic semantics and
quantifier theory. But due to the proportion problem -- which is only
evaded by the quantifiers 'some', 'every', 'no', 'not every', -- new
forms of dynamic quantification had to be introduced (Reinhart 1987,
Chierchia 1992, Kamp and Reyle 1993, Krifka 1996). As a consequence,
the two research paradigms have converged to a point where they can be
fruitfully combined.
Taking Neale's D-type approach as point of departure (Neale 1990), I will
sketch a version of quantifier theory which consists of adding 'domain
dynamics' to standard quantification. The dynamic module makes sure
that dependent NPs inherit the appropriate context set from their
antecedents. Special attention is given to the linguistic principles
which constrain the selection of domains. As we go along, we will
notice that the combined system covers a wide range of dependency
phenomena.
[ The hand-out of this talk will be available on my
home page: http://turing.fwi.uva.nl/~jvddoes/ .]
-/-\-/ PHONOLOGY WORKSHOP /-\-/-
Margaret Jacks Hall, Seminar Rm 146
Thursday, February 13, 1997, 7:30 pm
Constraint Interaction and Brazilian Portuguese
Glide Distribution
James Giangola
Sensory, Inc.
Vowel-glide distribution is a traditional problem for syllable,
prosodic, metrical, and feature geometry theory. The Baiano dialect
of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) presents a complex set of facts in this
regard. Examples (1)-(2) illustrate the preference for offglides (VG)
in tonic and pre-tonic positions.
(1) pai [pay] 'father'
(2) paixao [pay.shV'w] 'passion'
Glides have been considered phonemic on the basis of V.V - VG contrasts
as in (3)-(4).
(3) atue [a.tu'.i] 'actuate.1/3PRES SUBJ'
(4) intui [i.tu'y] 'intuit.3PRES INDIC'
Onglides (GV) are generally avoided (5), except in post-tonic
position, (6).
(5) ciu'me [si.u'.mi] 'jealousy'
(6) la'bio [la'.byu] 'lip'
Offglides occur post-tonically only when the source of the glide is
/L/, (7).
(7) fa'cil [fa'.siw] 'easy'
cf. faci'limo [fa.si'.li.mu] 'easy.SUPERLATIVE'
In cases like (5), hiatus is preserved even though stress shift
accompanies suffixation, as in (8).
(8) ciumento [si.u.me'.tu] 'jealous'
Intervocalic glides are syllabified as codas, but are phonetically
ambisyllabic, (9).
(9) gandaia [gV.da'y.yV] 'drunken partying spree'
Finally, [y] is epenthesized between a stressed vowel and word-final
/z/, as in (9).
(10) rapaz ~ rapaziada [ha.pa'ys] ~ [ha.pa.zi.a'.dV]
'guy' ~ 'group of guys'
I argue that glide distribution in BP is predictable. In an
Optimality Theoretic framework, given the input /VV/, GV and V.V are
marked with respect to VG since they incur violations of PARSE
MORA and ONSET, respectively, while VG violates neither. However,
GV and V.V surface wherever VG is blocked by prosodic, metrical, and
morphological constraints which are more highly ranked than PARSE MORA
and ONSET. For example, (6) labio [la'.byu] evidences GV since
bimoraic VG (as in *[la'.biw]) violates the high-ranking Weight-to-
Stress Principle. Next-best contender *[la'.bi.u] preserves the mora
of /i/, but violates high-ranking FOOT FORM and PARSE-syllable constraints.
The analysis sheds light on a few theoretical issues. First, any
analysis invoking PARSE MORA requires that all vowels bear moras in
the input (Hayes 1989, Hyman 1985). Second, 'derived' forms as in (8),
which is based on (5), are analyzable as the result of an
output-to-output requirement on prosodic identity, whereby syllable
edges in suffixed forms exhibit faithfulness to the base form
(McCarthy 1995, Benua 1995), thus obviating a cyclic or level-ordered
derivation. Third, contrasting pairs such as (3)-(4) support the
analysis that 3SG PRES INDIC verbs (the unmarked category) end in a
theme vowel, not a verb suffix, and that a violable alignment
constraint, LEFT-ALIGN (MORPHEME, SYLLABLE), is responsible for hiatus.
Finally, epenthesis, as in (10), results from the interaction of PARSE
MORA, DEP, and a constraint prohibiting word-final obstruents from
bearing moras. The proposed constraint, *[-son]u#, is
crosslinguistically valid and pertains, for example, to 'exceptional'
word-final complex codas in English, e.g., 'pinched' and 'sixth.'
Adducing a range of data from phonetics to morphology, this
analysis depicts glide distribution as the fallout of a holistic
phonology of interacting constraints on well-formedness. This approach
is relatively cost-free and is to be favored over necessarily
stipulative generative approaches, which explicitly target high vowels
for desyllabification at various derivational levels.
ANNOUNCEMENT
1. Charles Reiss' talk has been rescheduled for Feb. 27th.
2. All are welcome for pizza before the talk. If you want
to join us for pizza, R.S.V.P. and come at 7:00 pm (Rm 146).
-/-\-/ SYMBOLIC SYSTEMS FORUM /-\-/-
"Artificial Sentience: The prospects for constructing
VLSI neural networks that mimic human consciousness";
by Dr. George Chapline
Date: Thursday, Feb. 13, 1997
Time: 4:15 pm
Place: Room 146, Margaret Jacks Hall,
Bldg. 460, Stanford University
Abstract:
Recent advances in the technology for making VLSI neural networks will in
the not too distant future make it possible to construct neural network
devices whose complexity may be sufficient to allow these devices to have
advanced intellectual capabilities. Of particular interest in this
connection is the question whether artificial neural networks can possess
some form of consciousness. The speaker has recently suggested that
consciousness in animals is associated with the appearance of neural
networks which are topologically nontrivial in a 4-dimensional sense, and
that these sorts of networks evolved naturally because of the need to fuse
different kinds of information stored as 2-dimensional manifolds. Besides
providing new insights into how the human brain works these ideas are of
interest because the 3-D packaging technology for constructing VLSI neural
networks of the required type will soon be available. The basic
theoretical ideas discussed in the talk are contained in the paper
"Spontaneous Origin of Topological Complexity in Self-Organizing Neural
Networks", which is available at adap-org@xyz.lanl.gov.
Biographical information:
B.A. in Mathematics, UCLA 1961;
PhD in Physics, Cal Tech 1967;
Employed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory since 1989;
Winner of the Department of Energy's E. O. Lawrence Award in 1985.
-/-\-/ VIRTUAL SEMINAR /-\-/-
A Virtual Seminar in Linguistics and Philosophy is being organized
by Stanford and Stockholm University.
As an experiment, four videoconference meetings involving the two
sites are planned this winter and early spring.
If these initial meetings prove successful, some participants may wish
to follow up with virtual courses on specific topics.
Time: Feb 19 (Wed) 9-11 AM
Place: Durand 301
Speakers: Oesten Dahl, Christina Hellman (Dept. of Linguistics, Stockholm)
Peter Pagin, Dag Westerstahl (Dept. of Philosophy, Stockholm)
"Aspects of underdetermination and compositionality"
We will talk about some particular cases of indeterminacy in ordinary
utterances and to what extent they can or should be handled
compositionally, with a view to a general discussion of the role of
underdetermination in language and whether or not it is compatible with
a compositional semantics.
- ----------------------------------------
The time and place for the following meetings are as follows:
March 5 (Wed) 9-11 AM Terman 156
Mar 19 (Wed) 9-11 AM Durand 301
Apr 2 (Wed) 9-11 AM Durand 301.
If you want to be on the mailing list, e-mail to yookyung@csli.
-/-\-/ LANGUAGE MODELING GROUP /-\-/-
Last night the Language Modeling discussion group had a great meeting.
To pique your interest, I repeat Andras Kornai's claim: Weighted
Finite State Transducers are the most important development in
computational linguistics in the last five years.
Andras gave a wonderful tutorial about WFSTs, and I for one learned a
lot. Indeed there was so much to talk about we decided to spend
another meeting on the same topic, and postpone the Statistical-LTAG
discussion. Next time, however, we should not depend so much on
Andras to lead the discussion, so we hope you will come bringing your
own opinions on WFSTs, how their weights may be learned, how to
represent them, how feasible the approach is. (Andras' to-be-published
comments on the approach are to be found in the references below.)
This message is to provide some references for further reading on
WFSTs, to point you to a couple of SLTAG papers, and to remind you to
put the next meeting on your calendar:
When: February 25, 6pm
Where: 146 Margaret Jacks Hall (Stanford, Main Quad)
What: More on WFST's
--------------------------------------------------------------------
WFST References:
1) The introductory paper discussed yesterday is: Weighted Automata in
Text and Speech Processing by Mohri, Pereira and Riley, ECAI 1996, in
Kornai's forthcoming volume on FSMs. See links under
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ andras/confirmed.html, including both
the paper itself and Andras' comments on it.
2) "Weighted rational transductions and their application to human
language processing", Pereira, Riley, and Sproat, in the proceedings
of the ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, 1994.
3) "A stochastic finite-state word-segmentation algorithm for
Chinese", Sproat, Shih, Gale, and Chang, in 32nd Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics, pp66-73. Morgan Kaufman.
4) A paper on WFSTs used in text to speech synthesis by Sproat et al
from ICSLP (a paper of the same title is in the Kornai volume).
ftp://ftp.sprex.com/out/sproat-icslp.ps.gz
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SLTAG References by B. Srinivas at U Penn
ftp://ftp.sprex.com/out/srinivas-icslp.ps.gz A short ICSLP paper (fall/96)
ftp://ftp.sprex.com/out/srinivas-abs.ps.gz Abstract of a more recent paper
ftp://ftp.sprex.com/out/srinivas-full.ps.gz The full recent paper.
[Tom Veatch]
-/-\-/ CAREER WORSKSHOP /-\-/-
In our continuing series of talks about career paths for linguists
outside of regular university boundaries, on Thursday March 6th, at
noon in Rm. 146, Miriam Butt will come to talk about her career as a
computational linguist. Many of you know Miriam, a 1993 graduate of
this department, currently visiting this area for a few months. All
are welcome to this partly informational and partly social event.
-\-/-\ FELLOWSHIPS/ASSISTANTSHIPS \-/-\-
-- LEEDS UNIVERSITY: We invite applications for one (possibly two)
Visiting Fellowships to contribute to our research plans, such as the
AMALGAM project for comparative assessment of tagging and parsing
schemes, see http://agora.leeds.ac.uk/amalgam/ URGENT: closing date
FRIDAY 21 FEBRUARY. Fellowships are for a maximum of 10 months,
during the 1997/98 academic year. A stipend of approximately 1,250
pounds per month is available, plus an allowance for the Fellow's
spouse, a return air fare and a UK travel allowance. Fellows must be
non-UK citizens who are permanently resident in any country other than
the UK. Fellows must have secured a doctorate, or be equivalently
qualified, at the time of taking up the fellowships. Applications
should consist of a brief CV of the candidate-Fellow, giving
information on the proposed research topic in approx 100 words and an
indication of proposed duration and costs (plus other sources of
relevant income or grants). Please indicate clearly how the
Fellowship will contribute to the research plans of prospective Leeds
hosts. For informal enquiries, please contact asap: URGENT: closing
date FRIDAY 21 FEBRUARY
Eric Steven Atwell,
Centre for Computer Analysis of Language And Speech (CCALAS)
Artificial Intelligence Division, School of Computer Studies
The University of Leeds, LEEDS LS2 9JT, Yorkshire, England
TEL:0113-2335761 FAX:0113-2335468 EMAIL:eric@scs.leeds.ac.uk
WWW: http://agora.leeds.ac.uk/scs/public/staff/eric.html
http://agora.leeds.ac.uk/amalgam/
-\-/-\ JOB ANNOUNCEMENTS \-/-\-
(REDUNDANCY NOTICE: For fuller listings of these and other jobs, don't
forget to check the Jobs binder in the Greenberg Room, and the file
'jobslist.txt' on the CSLI directory /user/linguistics.)
-- UNIVERSITY OF OREGON: The Linguistics Department at the University
of oregon announces the opening of one to three non-tenure related
Visiting Assistant Professor positons for the 1997-1998 academic year,
potentially renewable, ranging from .50 to 1.0 FTE depending on
Departmental needs. The Linguistics Department of Oregon enjoys a
long tradition of work within the functionalist tradition,
concentrating in descriptive work and field work and in empirical work
on language use, discourse, and language acquisition. We invite
applications from qualified individuals who can contribute to the
functional and typological orientation of the Department. Since the
openings fill teaching gaps for faculty on leave, the candidate must
show evidence of considerable teaching skill, at both undergraduate
and graduate levels. The successful applicant must be able to help
cover our core curriculum, which includes phonetics, phonology,
functional-typological morphosyntax, semantics, and second language
acquisition and teaching. Additional specializations in second
language acquisition, discourse, psycholinguistics, and/or historical
syntax and grammaticalization will be particularly attractive,
depending on department needs.
In addition, the successful applicant must have an active research
profile and must be able to direct graduate student research.
QUALIFICATIONS: Ph.D. in Linguistics
DUTIES: Up to two courses per term of hire (we are on a quarter system)
Mentor students in research projects, as needed
Participate in department life, as appropriate
Please submit a letter of application, vita, and names, addresses, phone
numbers and e-mail addresses of three references to: VAP Search
Committee, Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon, Eugene,
Oregon 97403. To receive fullest consideration, applications should be
compete by March 15.
The University of Oregon is an equal opportunity, affirmative action
institution committed to cultural diversity and compliance with the
Americans with Disabilities Act.
For more information, contact our web site: http://logos.uoregon.edu
-- UCSB: The Department of Linguistics at the University of
California, Santa Barbara seeks to hire a linguist (lecturer rank) to
teach graduate and undergraduate courses in phonetics, phonology,
and/or sociocultural linguistics in 1997-98, pending budgetary
approval. We hope to make a tenure-track appointment in one of these
areas beginning Fall 1998. Applicants should be able to teach in
their specialization as well as in introductory and general
linguistics, and should have demonstrated teaching ability. Candidates
must hold a PhD by the starting date. Applications should be
submitted to Prof. Susanna Cumming, Chair, Department of Linguistics,
UC Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (e-mail:
cumming@humanitas.ucsb.edu). Applicants should send a letter,
curriculum vitae, sample of written work and the names of three
referees. Applications submitted by March 15, 1997 will receive the
fullest consideration, but applications received later will be
considered until the position is filled. UCSB is an equal
opportunity/affirmative action employer.
-- CYCORP: Cycorp is seeking enthusiastic, highly-motivated,
multi-talented people for positions in ontological engineering. These
positions involve working with and extending the Cyc technology -- an
immense, broad, multi-contextual knowledge base which our group has
developed over the last twelve years. Cyc already contains a useful
selection of fundamental human knowledge: facts and heuristics for
reasoning about the objects and events of modern everyday life. Cyc
enables a multitude of knowledge-intensive products and services which
could revolutionize the way in which people use and interact with
computers, and Cycorp is dedicated to making this happen. Cyc
currently supports ground-breaking pilot applications in the areas of
heterogeneous database browsing and integration, captioned image
retrieval, and natural language undestanding. We are looking for a
few individuals to join us in this challenging enterprise.
Those chosen as Ontological Engineers will:
-------------------------------------------
o have a facility with formal logic (predicate calculus)
o be self-motivated, yet work well in a team
Programming ability is a plus, but not required. Familiarity with AI,
especially knowledge representation, or experience in natural language
processing or linguistics, is also a plus but not required.
For immediate consideration, send your resume and a cover letter to:
Mary Shepherd
Cycorp, Inc.
3721 Executive Center Drive, Suite 100
Austin, Texas 78731-1615
FAX: 512-342-4040
E-MAIL: mary@cyc.com
Cycorp is an Equal Opportunity Employer
Visit our Website at www.cyc.com
-- UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII: The Department of Linguistics is looking for
a qualified scholar to fill a full-time, general fund, tenure-track
position as an Assistant professor, position #83008. The successful
applicant will have a major specialization (publications and
instructional competence) in more than one of the following areas:
pidgins and creoles, discourse, sociolinguistics, cognitive
linguistics, phonetics (including acoustic phonetics) and variationist
phonology. Appointment to begin August 1, 1997 or January 1, 1998,
pending availability of position and funding. Minimum qualifications:
doctorate in linguistics; established ability to carry out research in
at least two of the areas of specialization identified above; research
ability demonstrated by publications in refereed journals and/or
monograph-length publications in the field; teaching experience with
evidence of excellence in teaching; work in Asian and/or Pacific
languages. Desirable qualifications: Research and instructional
competence in more than two of the following: ethnographic
linguistics, sociolinguistics, pidgin and creole studies; demonstrated
skill at working with non-native speakers of English. duties: Teach
two courses per semester as assigned in addition to on-going research
and publication; accept and perform departmental committee
assignments. Send letter of application, curriculum vitae, summary of
teaching evaluations, and letters from three current references to:
Chair, Search Committee, Department of Linguistics, Moore Hall 569,
1890 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822. Closing date: Completed
applications must be received by 18 April 1997. Please note that we
will not be able to respond to e-mail or fax communications in regard
to this position. It is expected that all application materials will
be sent by conventional mail. The University of Hawai'i is an EEO/AA
Institution. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. Michael
L. Forman, PhD Chair and Associate Professor. telephone (808) 956-3239
Department of Linguistics _ fax: (808) 965-9166 University of Hawai'i
at Manoa 569 Moore Hall 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822
(REDUNDANCY NOTICE: For fuller listings of these and other jobs, don't
forget to check the Jobs binder in the Greenberg Room, and the file
'jobslist.txt' on the CSLI directory /user/linguistics.)
-\-/-\ INSTA-PRIZE \-/-\-
-- THAT DARNED CAMEL: You are in the desert 1000 kilometers from an
ocean port. You have 3000 bananas and three camels. Each camel can
carry 1000 bananas. On the road, each camel needs to eat one banana
per kilometer. What is the maximum number of bananas you can get to
the port?
Answer to last week's trivia question: Owen Nolan (SJ), 8 seconds, at
the 1997 All-Star Game
/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\
-\-/-\ CONSERVE DISK SPACE \-/-\-
So you may delete your copy after you've read it (or better yet,
before you've read it), the Sesquipedalian Weekly Herald is stored
online at Stanford (in directory /user/linguistics/Sesquip/), and at
Berkeley (in the directory /usr/pub.), or on the Linguistics
Department home page (http://www-linguistics.stanford.edu/). The most
current issue of the Herald can be found by typing 'help quip'.
Neither Stanford University nor the Linguistics Department, nor any of
their employees, makes any warranty, whatsoever, implied, or assumes
any legal liability or responsibility regarding any information,
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implies endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Stanford
University or the Linguistics Department, or their employees. Any
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necessarily reflect those of Stanford University or the Linguistics
Department, or their employees, and shall not be used for advertising
or product endorsement purposes. It is a violation of federal law to
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All rights revoked
\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/