Data Appendix for Robert E. Hall and Charles I. Jones, "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?" Version 4.00 March 1998 (Earlier versions of this paper were entitled "The Productivity of Nations" and "Fundamental Determinants of Output per Worker Across Countries." The data used in those earlier versions was slightly different, mainly because of a different sample size and rerunning the imputation procedure on the different sample.). This data appendix contains: 1. An extended version of Table I, containing all 127 countries. 2. The basic data for the paper 3. A list of countries and variables for which data was imputed. 1. EXTENDED TABLE I (ALL 127 COUNTRIES) All Countries, Relative to the U.S. (a==alpha/(1-alpha)). Country Y/L (K/Y)^a H/L A -------------------------------------------------------------- U.S.A. USA 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Luxembourg LUX 0.986 1.116 0.805 1.098 Canada CAN 0.941 1.002 0.908 1.034 Switzerland CHE 0.874 1.189 0.832 0.883 Australia AUS 0.843 1.094 0.900 0.856 Belgium BEL 0.836 1.023 0.836 0.978 Italy ITA 0.834 1.063 0.650 1.207 Germany, West DEU 0.818 1.118 0.802 0.912 France FRA 0.818 1.091 0.666 1.126 Netherlands NLD 0.806 1.060 0.803 0.946 Sweden SWE 0.787 1.029 0.853 0.897 Norway NOR 0.759 1.196 0.909 0.699 Finland FIN 0.734 1.179 0.855 0.728 Iceland ISL 0.730 1.023 0.764 0.933 U.K. GBR 0.727 0.891 0.808 1.011 New zealand NZL 0.717 1.117 1.017 0.631 Puerto rico PRI 0.711 0.827 0.550 1.564 Austria AUT 0.709 1.076 0.674 0.979 Denmark DNK 0.690 1.082 0.905 0.705 Spain ESP 0.682 1.018 0.605 1.107 Israel ISR 0.659 0.948 0.851 0.817 Hong Kong HKG 0.608 0.741 0.735 1.115 Singapore SGP 0.606 1.031 0.545 1.078 Japan JPN 0.587 1.119 0.797 0.658 Ireland IRL 0.577 1.052 0.773 0.709 Saudi arabia SAU 0.528 0.904 0.560 1.043 Trinidad&tobago TTO 0.498 0.956 0.664 0.785 Venezuela VEN 0.495 0.994 0.593 0.839 Greece GRC 0.469 1.023 0.680 0.674 Malta MLT 0.463 0.902 0.692 0.743 Cyprus CYP 0.446 0.975 0.708 0.646 Taiwan OAN 0.445 0.821 0.699 0.776 Syria SYR 0.438 0.812 0.515 1.048 Mexico MEX 0.433 0.868 0.538 0.926 Oman OMN 0.424 1.132 0.565 0.663 Argentina ARG 0.418 0.953 0.676 0.648 U.S.S.R. SUN 0.417 1.231 0.724 0.468 Jordan JOR 0.416 0.783 0.532 0.998 Barbados BRB 0.404 0.728 0.733 0.756 Korea, rep. KOR 0.380 0.861 0.761 0.580 Portugal PRT 0.366 0.960 0.504 0.755 Uruguay URY 0.340 0.888 0.661 0.579 Algeria DZA 0.328 1.023 0.416 0.771 Brazil BRA 0.319 0.873 0.482 0.758 Hungary HUN 0.307 1.124 0.932 0.293 Yugoslavia YUG 0.300 1.241 0.710 0.340 Iran IRN 0.295 0.981 0.469 0.642 Fiji FJI 0.273 0.921 0.682 0.435 Malaysia MYS 0.267 1.004 0.592 0.450 Colombia COL 0.264 0.818 0.544 0.593 Chile CHL 0.263 0.989 0.661 0.403 Mauritius MUS 0.262 0.614 0.548 0.778 Costa rica CRI 0.257 0.862 0.590 0.506 Suriname SUR 0.254 0.979 0.400 0.650 South africa ZAF 0.250 0.959 0.568 0.460 Poland POL 0.238 1.278 0.795 0.235 Ecuador ECU 0.237 1.012 0.605 0.386 Peru PER 0.237 0.935 0.618 0.409 Reunion REU 0.226 0.854 0.510 0.518 Panama PAN 0.223 1.008 0.651 0.340 Turkey TUR 0.218 0.925 0.469 0.503 Tunisia TUN 0.217 0.755 0.421 0.683 Seychelles SYC 0.215 0.808 0.407 0.654 Yemen YEM 0.212 0.617 0.336 1.022 Czechoslovakia CSK 0.211 1.146 0.763 0.241 Guatemala GTM 0.210 0.652 0.427 0.753 Dominican rep. DOM 0.206 0.824 0.525 0.477 Namibia NAM 0.194 1.255 0.477 0.324 Egypt EGY 0.187 0.454 0.576 0.716 Morocco MAR 0.187 0.618 0.575 0.527 Paraguay PRY 0.170 0.808 0.554 0.379 Swaziland SWZ 0.164 0.754 0.500 0.436 Gabon GAB 0.157 1.304 0.408 0.295 Thailand THA 0.157 0.739 0.575 0.369 El salvador SLV 0.157 0.641 0.487 0.501 Sri lanka LKA 0.155 0.662 0.593 0.394 Bolivia BOL 0.140 0.862 0.531 0.305 Honduras HND 0.130 0.738 0.486 0.361 Jamaica JAM 0.130 1.064 0.524 0.232 Pakistan PAK 0.128 0.582 0.390 0.566 Bangladesh BGD 0.127 0.384 0.393 0.844 Philippines PHL 0.126 0.854 0.663 0.223 Nicaragua NIC 0.126 0.894 0.501 0.281 Congo COG 0.122 0.680 0.460 0.389 Romania ROM 0.113 1.037 0.608 0.180 Indonesia IDN 0.110 0.915 0.499 0.242 Guyana GUY 0.105 1.247 0.577 0.146 Ivory Coast CIV 0.097 0.739 0.447 0.294 Botswana BWA 0.094 1.100 0.496 0.172 India IND 0.086 0.709 0.454 0.267 Papua n.guinea PNG 0.078 0.948 0.377 0.218 Cameroon CMR 0.076 0.684 0.407 0.274 Cape Verde Is. CPV 0.076 0.992 0.472 0.162 Senegal SEN 0.072 0.477 0.416 0.361 Sudan SDN 0.067 0.837 0.341 0.233 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.065 0.898 0.429 0.170 Sierra leone SLE 0.064 0.291 0.380 0.581 Lesotho LSO 0.063 0.678 0.483 0.192 China CHN 0.060 0.891 0.632 0.106 Benin BEN 0.059 0.605 0.332 0.294 Haiti HTI 0.057 0.575 0.375 0.263 Kenya KEN 0.056 0.747 0.457 0.165 Ghana GHA 0.052 0.516 0.465 0.218 Zambia ZMB 0.051 1.209 0.535 0.079 Mauritania MRT 0.050 0.961 0.423 0.124 Somalia SOM 0.049 0.682 0.410 0.174 Gambia GMB 0.048 0.534 0.338 0.269 Nigeria NGA 0.048 0.937 0.367 0.140 Guinea GIN 0.043 0.516 0.414 0.201 Rwanda RWA 0.043 0.441 0.338 0.287 Madagascar MDG 0.041 0.299 0.514 0.264 Togo TGO 0.040 0.879 0.402 0.113 Guinea-biss GNB 0.039 0.859 0.325 0.140 Mozambique MOZ 0.039 0.349 0.349 0.321 Comoros COM 0.035 0.875 0.453 0.089 Mali MLI 0.035 0.524 0.337 0.196 Central Afr.R. CAF 0.033 0.582 0.357 0.159 Angola AGO 0.033 0.493 0.457 0.146 Zaire ZAR 0.033 0.499 0.408 0.160 Chad TCD 0.032 0.358 0.428 0.210 Tanzania TZA 0.032 0.650 0.410 0.119 Uganda UGA 0.032 0.362 0.390 0.224 Burundi BDI 0.030 0.495 0.395 0.152 Malawi MWI 0.030 0.677 0.427 0.102 Burkina faso BFA 0.029 0.581 0.502 0.101 Myanmar BUR 0.029 0.668 0.396 0.109 Niger NER 0.029 0.680 0.325 0.129 2. BASIC DATA The data used in the paper are listed below. 152 countries are listed, in the order in which they appear in the Penn World Tables, Mark 5.6 of Summers and Heston. For a discussion of the data, please see the paper. Some notes concerning the data are -- The code "NaN" is used to denote a missing observation. -- "Sample?" takes the value 1 if the country appears in our 127 country sample. -- "Imputed?" takes the value 1 if any of the data reported has been imputed, as discussed in the paper. Following the data table, we report the countries and variables for which data are imputed. -- "Mining" is the fraction of GDP produced in the Mining and Quarrying sector. Data are for the year 1988 when possible, or the closest available year. The logYL data have already netted out mining, as discussed in the paper. -- "EcOrg" is the Type of Economic Organization variable reported by the Freedom House (1994). "Capitalist" countries have a value of 4 or 5. (This variable was used more extensively in previous versions of the paper.) -- "SocInf" is the index of social infrastructure used throughout the paper. It is computed in two steps: SocInf=.5*(GADP+YrsOpen); That is, it is the average of GADP and the openness variable. -- "EngFrac" and "EurFrac" are the "first" language variables, corresponding to the fraction of the population speaking English and the fraction of the population speaking one of the major languages of Western Europe: English, French, German, Portuguese, or Spanish. -- "Log(FrankRom)" is the natural log of the Frankel-Romer predicted trade share. The predicted trade share is computed from a gravity model based only on population and geography. -- "Latitutude" is degrees of latitude. Notice that in the paper we use abs(Latitude)/90 as distance from the equator. Code Country Sample? Imputed? logYL logKL alogKY School logHL logA logL Mining EcOrg SocInf YrsOpen GADP EngFrac EurFrac log(FrankRom) Latitude -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DZA Algeria 1 1 9.35998 10.30679 0.47341 2.39000 0.32026 8.56631 15.49508 0.053 0 0.26467 0.000 0.529 0.000 0.006 2.637 36.720 AGO Angola 1 1 7.06252 6.55136 -0.25558 3.09874 0.41523 6.90287 15.27232 0.268 0 0.21333 0.000 0.427 0.000 0.000 2.443 -8.843 BEN Benin 1 1 7.64465 7.54174 -0.05146 0.70000 0.09380 7.60231 14.56503 0.009 0 0.24366 0.111 0.376 0.000 0.000 3.742 6.364 BWA Botswana 1 0 8.10645 9.19876 0.54615 3.70000 0.49580 7.06450 12.90912 0.533 5 0.53428 0.356 0.713 0.000 0.000 3.179 -21.536 BFA Burkina faso 1 1 6.95208 6.76837 -0.09186 3.78991 0.50785 6.53609 15.26451 0.001 1 0.24917 0.000 0.498 0.000 0.000 2.646 12.049 BDI Burundi 1 1 6.96107 6.45657 -0.25225 2.00080 0.26811 6.94521 14.81593 0.010 4 0.26390 0.000 0.528 0.000 0.000 3.213 -3.365 CMR Cameroon 1 0 7.90249 8.04404 0.07078 2.23000 0.29882 7.53289 15.39862 0.088 5 0.35928 0.156 0.563 0.000 0.000 2.759 10.730 CPV Cape Verde Is. 1 1 7.89261 8.77808 0.44274 3.32931 0.44613 7.00375 11.80398 0.006 1 0.22907 0.071 0.387 0.000 0.700 3.809 15.091 CAF Central Afr.R. 1 1 7.06854 6.88849 -0.09002 1.26000 0.16884 6.98973 14.14141 0.030 3 0.20988 0.000 0.420 0.000 0.000 2.717 4.331 TCD Chad 1 1 7.03664 5.88198 -0.57733 2.60203 0.34867 7.26530 14.45478 0.002 5 0.27702 0.000 0.554 0.000 0.000 2.485 10.377 COM Comoros 1 1 7.13227 7.76796 0.31784 3.02373 0.40518 6.40925 12.20150 0.072 5 0.50838 0.450 0.567 0.000 0.000 3.845 -11.671 COG Congo 1 0 8.36920 8.50015 0.06547 3.14000 0.42076 7.88296 13.77979 0.168 1 0.20733 0.000 0.415 0.000 0.000 3.249 -3.684 DJI Djibouti 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.000 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.040 4.262 11.505 EGY Egypt 1 1 8.80153 8.12542 -0.33805 5.09748 0.64685 8.49273 16.44067 0.034 1 0.27550 0.000 0.551 0.000 0.000 2.464 29.996 ETH Ethiopia 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.001 0 0.19933 0.000 0.399 0.000 0.000 2.133 9.007 GAB Gabon 1 1 8.62377 10.05713 0.71668 2.25460 0.30212 7.60497 13.11948 0.215 5 0.28683 0.000 0.574 0.000 0.060 3.423 0.372 GMB Gambia 1 0 7.44872 7.09654 -0.17609 0.84000 0.11256 7.51226 12.86139 0.000 5 0.39494 0.222 0.568 0.000 0.000 3.955 13.257 GHA Ghana 1 0 7.52507 7.10491 -0.21008 3.22000 0.43148 7.30367 15.61004 0.016 3 0.38128 0.222 0.540 0.000 0.000 2.938 6.694 GIN Guinea 1 1 7.32935 6.90698 -0.21119 2.35965 0.31619 7.22434 14.74638 0.077 5 0.35183 0.200 0.504 0.000 0.000 3.176 11.671 GNB Guinea-biss 1 0 7.23673 7.83410 0.29869 0.56000 0.07504 6.86300 12.99862 0.000 1 0.25872 0.178 0.340 0.000 0.000 3.743 12.262 CIV Ivory Coast 1 1 8.14367 8.44026 0.14829 2.92846 0.39241 7.60297 15.30041 0.029 5 0.31283 0.000 0.626 0.000 0.000 2.808 5.496 KEN Kenya 1 0 7.59978 7.91873 0.15947 3.09000 0.41406 7.02625 16.13396 0.002 5 0.31306 0.044 0.582 0.000 0.000 2.524 -0.513 LSO Lesotho 1 1 7.71105 7.83689 0.06292 3.51000 0.47034 7.17779 13.58411 0.003 5 0.55154 0.442 0.661 0.000 0.000 3.028 -29.595 LBR Liberia 0 0 NaN NaN NaN 1.84000 NaN NaN NaN 0.099 5 NaN NaN 0.197 0.025 0.025 3.395 6.385 MDG Madagascar 1 1 7.27352 5.76262 -0.75545 3.97152 0.53218 7.49678 15.38647 0.077 1 0.23800 0.000 0.476 0.000 0.000 2.293 -18.958 MWI Malawi 1 1 6.95436 7.07719 0.06142 2.58000 0.34572 6.54722 15.04978 0.081 5 0.25133 0.000 0.503 0.000 0.000 2.539 -15.811 MLI Mali 1 0 7.11335 6.72355 -0.19490 0.82000 0.10988 7.19837 15.01342 0.012 1 0.23328 0.156 0.311 0.000 0.000 2.549 12.508 MRT Mauritania 1 1 7.48643 8.30818 0.41087 2.51832 0.33746 6.73810 13.55026 0.069 3 0.20314 0.000 0.406 0.000 0.000 3.154 17.925 MUS Mauritius 1 1 9.13435 9.05985 -0.03725 4.59000 0.59559 8.57601 13.30256 0.001 5 0.85193 1.000 0.704 0.003 0.567 3.438 -20.232 MAR Morocco 1 1 8.80027 8.74085 -0.02971 5.07048 0.64412 8.18586 15.82804 0.029 3 0.50372 0.444 0.563 0.000 0.000 2.542 33.593 MOZ Mozambique 1 1 7.23258 6.02818 -0.60220 1.08000 0.14472 7.69007 15.83146 0.083 1 0.26800 0.000 0.536 0.000 0.012 2.408 -18.499 NAM Namibia 1 1 8.83613 10.19210 0.67798 3.41427 0.45751 7.70063 12.92347 0.252 3 0.36850 0.275 0.462 0.067 0.088 3.059 -17.979 NER Niger 1 0 6.91856 7.04980 0.06562 0.54000 0.07236 6.78058 15.08021 0.076 5 0.25700 0.000 0.514 0.000 0.000 2.515 13.876 NGA Nigeria 1 1 7.44531 8.21654 0.38561 1.46423 0.19621 6.86349 17.49199 0.208 4 0.21400 0.000 0.428 0.000 0.000 2.161 6.543 REU Reunion 1 1 8.98686 9.57269 0.29292 3.91338 0.52439 8.16955 12.36342 0.025 3 0.40274 0.337 0.469 0.000 0.910 3.687 -20.954 RWA Rwanda 1 1 7.32246 6.58570 -0.36838 0.84000 0.11256 7.57829 14.98935 0.002 1 0.19339 0.000 0.387 0.000 0.000 3.266 -2.032 SEN Senegal 1 0 7.83990 7.26072 -0.28959 2.39000 0.32026 7.80923 14.97867 0.005 4 0.24333 0.000 0.487 0.000 0.000 2.989 14.772 SYC Seychelles 1 1 8.93834 9.41304 0.23735 2.22702 0.29842 8.40257 10.29484 0.001 1 0.22783 0.106 0.350 0.029 0.047 4.442 -4.664 SLE Sierra leone 1 0 7.72941 6.15930 -0.78506 1.72000 0.23048 8.28399 14.18447 0.061 5 0.19900 0.000 0.398 0.000 0.000 3.325 8.701 SOM Somalia 1 1 7.45231 7.58918 0.06844 2.28781 0.30657 7.07730 15.02743 0.003 1 0.16017 0.000 0.320 0.000 0.000 2.701 10.633 ZAF South africa 1 0 9.09035 9.90849 0.40907 4.95000 0.63195 8.04932 16.31631 0.111 3 0.41428 0.089 0.740 0.090 0.090 2.186 -29.130 SDN Sudan 1 1 7.76558 8.31243 0.27343 0.91000 0.12194 7.37021 15.85791 0.000 4 0.16711 0.026 0.308 0.000 0.000 2.395 14.043 SWZ Swaziland 1 1 8.66969 9.00675 0.16853 3.77000 0.50518 7.99598 12.61879 0.012 5 0.53117 0.460 0.602 0.000 0.000 4.041 -26.545 TZA Tanzania 1 0 7.02424 7.06570 0.02073 2.29000 0.30686 6.69665 16.20584 0.002 0 0.27567 0.000 0.551 0.000 0.000 2.395 -2.154 TGO Togo 1 0 7.25061 7.89372 0.32156 2.13000 0.28542 6.64363 14.14261 0.092 1 0.22283 0.000 0.446 0.000 0.000 3.725 6.194 TUN Tunisia 1 0 8.94842 9.28947 0.17052 2.48000 0.33232 8.44558 14.73482 0.079 4 0.33733 0.133 0.541 0.000 0.006 3.171 36.816 UGA Uganda 1 0 7.02369 5.89581 -0.56394 1.92000 0.25728 7.33035 15.78421 0.001 3 0.26178 0.156 0.368 0.000 0.000 2.563 0.228 ZAR Zaire 1 1 7.05435 6.56787 -0.24324 2.24000 0.30016 6.99743 16.40688 0.040 3 0.11267 0.000 0.225 0.000 0.000 2.194 -0.569 ZMB Zambia 1 0 7.49617 8.77689 0.64036 4.35000 0.57135 6.28446 14.73804 0.204 1 0.23422 0.044 0.424 0.000 0.000 2.625 -12.942 ZWE Zimbabwe 1 0 7.74836 8.43456 0.34310 2.63000 0.35242 7.05284 15.22039 0.060 3 0.27250 0.000 0.545 0.074 0.074 2.422 -17.876 BHS Bahamas 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3 NaN NaN 0.614 0.865 0.865 3.638 24.700 BRB Barbados 1 1 9.56870 9.83600 0.13365 7.48000 0.88748 8.54757 11.79144 0.006 5 0.86934 1.000 0.739 1.000 1.000 4.027 13.179 BLZ Belize 0 0 9.27805 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.90522 0.003 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.610 0.940 4.471 17.843 CAN Canada 1 0 10.41442 11.31986 0.45272 10.37000 1.10116 8.86054 16.37839 0.034 5 0.96578 0.956 0.976 0.614 0.857 1.603 43.727 CRI Costa rica 1 1 9.11803 9.72288 0.30243 5.33000 0.67033 8.14527 13.80952 0.051 3 0.54611 0.422 0.670 0.016 0.906 3.151 9.941 DMA Dominica 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.007 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.286 1.064 4.319 15.433 DOM Dominican rep. 1 0 8.89758 9.41179 0.25710 4.18000 0.55418 8.08630 14.55682 0.024 3 0.25483 0.000 0.510 0.001 0.871 3.108 18.561 SLV El salvador 1 0 8.62128 8.63361 0.00617 3.57000 0.47838 8.13673 14.31394 0.002 3 0.38583 0.400 0.372 0.000 0.923 3.364 13.775 GRD Grenada 0 0 8.69938 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.59015 0.003 3 NaN NaN NaN 1.000 1.000 4.398 12.115 GTM Guatemala 1 0 8.91335 8.95836 0.02251 2.59000 0.34706 8.54378 14.72207 0.003 3 0.39678 0.422 0.371 0.000 0.588 3.093 14.622 HTI Haiti 1 0 7.60630 7.40046 -0.10292 1.62000 0.21708 7.49214 14.77962 0.002 3 0.11783 0.000 0.236 0.000 0.075 3.017 18.932 HND Honduras 1 0 8.43306 8.72822 0.14758 3.56000 0.47704 7.80844 14.19677 0.014 3 0.38961 0.356 0.424 0.003 0.845 3.317 14.194 JAM Jamaica 1 0 8.43284 9.45961 0.51338 4.16000 0.55216 7.36730 13.93214 0.089 5 0.48311 0.422 0.544 0.940 0.940 3.100 18.055 MEX Mexico 1 0 9.63754 10.25586 0.30916 4.42000 0.57842 8.74995 17.09804 0.032 3 0.39617 0.200 0.592 0.000 0.880 1.509 16.759 NIC Nicaragua 1 1 8.40128 9.07821 0.33847 3.78000 0.50652 7.55630 13.88722 0.041 3 0.42833 0.333 0.523 0.009 0.655 3.155 12.211 PAN Panama 1 1 8.97435 9.89313 0.45939 6.30000 0.76830 7.74667 13.62512 0.001 3 0.33445 0.259 0.410 0.140 0.805 3.160 9.206 PRI Puerto rico 1 1 10.13436 10.65694 0.26129 4.62541 0.59917 9.27390 13.95737 0.001 5 0.55349 0.467 0.640 0.038 1.000 3.125 18.225 KNA St.kitts&nevis 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5 NaN NaN NaN 1.000 1.000 NaN 17.327 LCA St.lucia 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.167 0.834 4.232 13.898 VCT St.vincent&gre 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5 NaN NaN NaN 1.000 1.000 4.375 13.254 TTO Trinidad&tobago 1 0 9.77864 10.59043 0.40589 6.50000 0.78850 8.58425 13.05174 0.157 3 0.30783 0.000 0.616 0.929 0.965 3.412 10.418 USA U.S.A. 1 0 10.47556 11.37745 0.45094 11.79000 1.19772 8.82690 18.61040 0.018 5 0.97333 1.000 0.947 0.886 0.972 0.940 34.360 ARG Argentina 1 0 9.60270 10.40884 0.40307 6.68000 0.80668 8.39295 16.22535 0.023 5 0.33411 0.089 0.579 0.000 0.836 1.723 -36.676 BOL Bolivia 1 0 8.50765 9.11343 0.30289 4.28000 0.56428 7.64048 14.57215 0.075 3 0.55733 0.733 0.381 0.000 0.372 2.087 -15.190 BRA Brazil 1 0 9.33229 9.96301 0.31536 3.49000 0.46766 8.54926 17.77886 0.017 3 0.38528 0.089 0.682 0.000 0.998 1.109 -19.557 CHL Chile 1 0 9.14025 10.01913 0.43944 6.45000 0.78345 7.91736 15.34372 0.155 5 0.53428 0.422 0.646 0.000 0.931 1.981 -33.554 COL Colombia 1 0 9.14422 9.64431 0.25005 4.53000 0.58953 8.30464 16.12839 0.062 3 0.32678 0.089 0.565 0.000 0.980 2.020 4.788 ECU Ecuador 1 0 9.03457 9.96129 0.46336 5.58000 0.69558 7.87563 14.93262 0.098 3 0.70889 0.844 0.573 0.000 0.714 2.435 -2.062 GUY Guyana 1 0 8.22508 9.56807 0.67149 5.11000 0.64811 6.90548 12.57180 0.087 1 0.26744 0.156 0.379 0.821 0.821 3.255 5.761 PRY Paraguay 1 0 8.70208 9.17875 0.23833 4.70000 0.60670 7.85704 14.11182 0.005 3 0.30967 0.133 0.486 0.000 0.036 2.345 -25.583 PER Peru 1 0 9.03439 9.80231 0.38396 5.79000 0.71679 7.93364 15.69632 0.022 3 0.46361 0.489 0.438 0.000 0.564 1.950 -11.794 SUR Suriname 1 1 9.10690 9.96577 0.42943 2.10288 0.28179 8.39568 11.84433 0.034 3 0.33305 0.272 0.394 0.000 0.000 3.433 5.605 URY Uruguay 1 0 9.39568 10.06039 0.33235 6.45000 0.78345 8.27988 13.98932 0.001 3 0.33739 0.111 0.564 0.000 1.000 2.837 -34.822 VEN Venezuela 1 0 9.77162 10.66226 0.44532 5.37000 0.67437 8.65192 15.66223 0.110 3 0.46172 0.311 0.612 0.000 0.969 2.191 9.843 BHR Bahrain 0 0 9.82489 NaN NaN 4.42000 NaN NaN 12.20168 0.155 3 NaN NaN 0.707 0.000 0.000 4.274 26.024 BGD Bangladesh 1 0 8.41382 7.39927 -0.50728 1.97000 0.26398 8.65712 17.21219 0.000 3 0.15633 0.000 0.313 0.000 0.000 2.333 23.880 BTN Bhutan 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.008 0 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.000 3.631 27.479 CHN China 1 1 7.66091 8.33241 0.33575 6.00534 0.73854 6.58663 20.30289 0.045 0 0.32033 0.000 0.641 0.000 0.000 0.833 29.561 HKG Hong Kong 1 0 9.97731 10.27944 0.15106 7.51000 0.89051 8.93574 15.10941 0.001 5 0.89567 1.000 0.791 0.004 0.004 3.580 22.704 IND India 1 0 8.02149 8.23628 0.10740 3.05000 0.40870 7.50539 19.57464 0.017 3 0.30644 0.022 0.591 0.000 0.000 1.191 25.274 IDN Indonesia 1 0 8.27240 8.99762 0.36261 3.75000 0.50250 7.40729 18.01716 0.121 3 0.51961 0.556 0.484 0.000 0.000 1.497 -6.562 IRN Iran 1 0 9.25462 10.11774 0.43156 3.28000 0.43952 8.38354 16.54277 0.049 3 0.24283 0.000 0.486 0.000 0.000 2.309 35.380 IRQ Iraq 0 0 NaN NaN NaN 3.04000 NaN NaN NaN 0.407 0 0.11317 0.000 0.226 0.000 0.000 2.952 33.314 ISR Israel 1 0 10.05888 10.85452 0.39782 9.41000 1.03588 8.62517 14.35476 0.006 4 0.48911 0.222 0.756 0.000 0.000 3.992 32.084 JPN Japan 1 0 9.94306 11.06946 0.56320 8.46000 0.97128 8.40857 18.16297 0.003 5 0.83267 0.733 0.932 0.000 0.000 1.699 35.712 JOR Jordan 1 0 9.59826 10.00983 0.20578 4.31000 0.56731 8.82517 13.42504 0.037 5 0.61450 0.667 0.562 0.000 0.000 4.222 31.602 KOR Korea, rep. 1 0 9.50921 10.11257 0.30168 7.85000 0.92485 8.28269 16.66771 0.007 3 0.66733 0.600 0.735 0.000 0.000 2.664 37.553 KWT Kuwait 0 0 9.94174 NaN NaN 5.28000 NaN NaN 13.50479 0.308 2 NaN NaN 0.574 0.000 0.000 3.751 29.326 LAO Laos 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.45495 NaN 1 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.000 3.308 16.547 MYS Malaysia 1 0 9.15605 10.06657 0.45526 5.36000 0.67336 8.02743 15.73896 0.103 5 0.84367 1.000 0.687 0.000 0.000 2.823 3.269 MNG Mongolia 0 0 NaN NaN NaN 0.86000 NaN NaN 13.78918 NaN 0 NaN NaN 0.582 0.000 0.000 2.604 47.493 BUR Myanmar 1 0 6.92766 7.02310 0.04772 2.02000 0.27068 6.60926 16.69855 0.007 1 0.18350 0.000 0.367 0.000 0.000 2.374 17.679 NPL Nepal 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.001 5 NaN 0.089 NaN 0.000 0.000 2.585 27.712 OMN Oman 1 1 9.61807 10.76854 0.57523 4.90645 0.62755 8.41528 12.90501 0.411 3 0.56984 0.507 0.633 0.000 0.000 3.532 20.445 PAK Pakistan 1 0 8.42324 8.24096 -0.09114 1.92000 0.25728 8.25711 17.26839 0.006 3 0.22650 0.000 0.453 0.000 0.000 2.084 31.173 PHL Philippines 1 0 8.40576 8.99247 0.29335 6.48000 0.78648 7.32593 16.88630 0.019 3 0.28111 0.156 0.407 0.000 0.000 2.179 13.922 QAT Qatar 0 0 10.14904 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.12524 0.254 3 NaN NaN 0.529 0.000 0.000 4.242 25.309 SAU Saudi arabia 1 1 9.83599 10.53494 0.34948 4.80778 0.61759 8.86893 15.22890 0.225 3 0.50287 0.401 0.605 0.000 0.000 2.707 23.069 SGP Singapore 1 0 9.97443 10.93700 0.48128 4.55000 0.59155 8.90159 14.03651 0.001 4 0.92967 1.000 0.859 0.089 0.089 3.890 1.355 LKA Sri lanka 1 0 8.60818 8.68600 0.03891 5.37000 0.67437 7.89489 15.61684 0.014 2 0.43150 0.400 0.463 0.009 0.009 2.635 6.868 SYR Syria 1 0 9.65115 10.13730 0.24308 3.99000 0.53466 8.87341 14.84162 0.084 1 0.41233 0.333 0.491 0.000 0.000 3.623 33.458 OAN Taiwan 1 1 9.66696 10.17504 0.25404 7.00000 0.83900 8.57392 15.97266 0.043 3 0.76689 0.711 0.823 0.000 0.000 2.886 25.259 THA Thailand 1 0 8.62294 8.91964 0.14835 5.08000 0.64508 7.82950 17.17089 0.017 3 0.85550 1.000 0.711 0.000 0.000 2.246 13.770 ARE United arab e. 0 0 9.98116 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 13.53248 0.343 3 NaN NaN 0.556 0.000 0.000 3.509 23.390 YEM Yemen 1 0 8.92481 8.86089 -0.03196 0.81000 0.10854 8.84822 14.76954 0.014 3 0.73533 1.000 0.471 0.000 0.000 2.823 15.228 AUT Austria 1 0 10.13165 11.17924 0.52380 6.64000 0.80264 8.80521 15.09241 0.004 4 0.86356 0.778 0.949 0.000 0.980 3.601 48.231 BEL Belgium 1 0 10.29677 11.24442 0.47383 9.15000 1.01820 8.80474 15.22976 0.000 5 0.86572 0.778 0.954 0.000 0.345 3.960 50.837 BGR Bulgaria 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.29309 NaN 0 0.39728 0.089 0.706 0.000 0.000 3.438 42.073 CYP Cyprus 1 0 9.66806 10.51992 0.42593 7.13000 0.85213 8.39000 12.67324 0.004 5 0.86133 1.000 0.723 0.000 0.000 3.996 35.081 CSK Czechoslovakia 1 1 8.91957 10.09344 0.58694 7.87983 0.92786 7.40477 15.92458 0.040 0 0.42578 0.089 0.763 0.000 0.013 3.048 49.175 DNK Denmark 1 0 10.10478 11.16358 0.52940 10.33000 1.09844 8.47693 14.85564 0.006 4 0.88089 0.778 0.984 0.000 0.005 3.430 55.718 FIN Finland 1 0 10.16696 11.39859 0.61581 9.49000 1.04132 8.50983 14.74529 0.004 4 0.87889 0.778 0.980 0.000 0.000 3.075 60.212 FRA France 1 0 10.27407 11.34957 0.53775 6.52000 0.79052 8.94580 17.05170 0.005 4 0.87067 0.800 0.941 0.000 1.004 2.725 48.857 DDR Germany, East 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.06782 NaN 0 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.949 NaN 51.332 DEU Germany, West 1 0 10.27478 11.40052 0.56287 8.54000 0.97672 8.73519 17.16103 0.005 5 0.88150 0.800 0.963 0.000 0.949 2.916 48.161 GRC Greece 1 0 9.71760 10.66435 0.47337 6.73000 0.81173 8.43249 15.15672 0.017 4 0.75600 0.800 0.712 0.000 0.000 3.296 38.058 HUN Hungary 1 0 9.29366 10.42990 0.56812 10.75000 1.12700 7.59854 15.46679 0.038 1 0.44956 0.111 0.788 0.000 0.005 3.293 47.419 ISL Iceland 1 1 10.16024 11.10710 0.47343 7.89000 0.92889 8.75793 11.79618 -0.014 5 0.89574 0.805 0.986 0.000 0.000 3.499 63.892 IRL Ireland 1 0 9.92557 10.92842 0.50143 8.01000 0.94068 8.48346 14.11911 0.009 5 0.76672 0.644 0.889 0.742 0.742 3.522 54.611 ITA Italy 1 0 10.29392 11.31834 0.51221 6.28000 0.76628 9.01542 16.95596 0.002 3 0.80767 0.800 0.815 0.000 0.006 2.637 45.415 LUX Luxembourg 1 1 10.46142 11.58323 0.56091 8.59589 0.98052 8.91999 11.98287 0.003 5 0.90000 0.800 1.000 0.000 0.000 5.639 49.780 MLT Malta 1 1 9.70619 10.40226 0.34803 6.90000 0.82890 8.52926 11.73691 0.035 2 0.57855 0.535 0.622 0.000 0.000 4.586 35.887 NLD Netherlands 1 0 10.25940 11.27808 0.50934 8.57000 0.97876 8.77130 15.62020 0.027 4 0.89400 0.800 0.988 0.000 0.000 3.579 51.874 NOR Norway 1 0 10.20004 11.45985 0.62991 10.38000 1.10184 8.46829 14.56454 0.079 4 0.87272 0.778 0.968 0.000 0.000 3.159 59.977 POL Poland 1 0 9.04059 10.43261 0.69601 8.41000 0.96788 7.37670 16.78328 0.043 1 0.40239 0.111 0.694 0.000 0.040 2.628 50.244 PRT Portugal 1 1 9.46966 10.29000 0.41017 3.83000 0.51322 8.54628 15.34456 0.033 4 0.79456 0.778 0.811 0.000 1.000 2.933 38.816 ROM Romania 1 1 8.29618 9.27013 0.48697 5.61832 0.69945 7.10976 16.25257 0.048 0 0.29117 0.067 0.516 0.000 0.020 2.934 44.526 ESP Spain 1 0 10.09243 11.02903 0.46830 5.58000 0.69558 8.92855 16.45381 0.006 5 0.79006 0.778 0.802 0.000 0.728 2.516 37.398 SWE Sweden 1 0 10.23588 11.19516 0.47964 9.45000 1.03860 8.71764 15.28438 0.003 4 0.88239 0.778 0.987 0.000 0.000 2.903 59.278 CHE Switzerland 1 1 10.34061 11.58868 0.62403 9.09000 1.01412 8.70245 15.00674 0.022 5 1.00000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.840 3.483 47.408 TUR Turkey 1 0 8.95259 9.69835 0.37288 3.29000 0.44086 8.13885 16.96475 0.020 3 0.36733 0.133 0.601 0.000 0.000 2.421 41.202 GBR U.K. 1 0 10.15717 10.82792 0.33538 8.65000 0.98420 8.83759 17.15045 0.022 4 0.85556 0.778 0.933 0.974 0.974 2.600 51.510 SUN U.S.S.R. 1 1 9.60136 10.91900 0.65882 7.34850 0.87420 8.06835 18.78959 0.015 0 0.31567 0.000 0.631 0.000 0.007 1.303 55.675 YUG Yugoslavia 1 0 9.27074 10.60473 0.66699 7.16000 0.85516 7.74859 16.18537 0.025 1 0.22617 0.000 0.452 0.000 0.000 3.251 43.773 AUS Australia 1 0 10.30421 11.38595 0.54087 10.24000 1.09232 8.67103 15.87232 0.038 5 0.80978 0.689 0.931 0.950 0.950 1.404 -32.219 FJI Fiji 1 1 9.17759 9.91572 0.36906 6.76000 0.81476 7.99376 12.39767 0.039 5 0.50981 0.408 0.611 0.008 0.008 2.921 -17.827 NZL New zealand 1 0 10.14265 11.26508 0.56121 12.04000 1.21472 8.36672 14.21071 0.011 5 0.59300 0.200 0.986 0.900 0.900 2.103 -36.892 PNG Papua n.guinea 1 0 7.92090 8.71693 0.39801 1.65000 0.22110 7.30179 14.38005 0.192 5 0.31233 0.000 0.625 0.015 0.015 2.319 -6.600 SLB Solomon is. 0 0 8.79803 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.46972 -0.010 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.000 3.224 -9.625 TON Tonga 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.006 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.000 3.770 -21.173 VUT Vanuatu 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.71054 NaN 3 NaN NaN NaN 0.011 0.049 3.429 -15.233 WSM Western samoa 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.83120 NaN 5 NaN NaN NaN 0.000 0.000 3.490 -13.633 3. IMPUTED DATA: 48 countries have at least one variable imputed. Country School mining yrsopen GADP --------------------------------------------------------- Algeria ... 0.053 ... ... Angola 3.099 ... ... ... Benin ... ... ... 3.762 Burkina faso 3.790 ... ... ... Burundi 2.001 ... ... 5.278 Cape Verde Is. 3.329 ... 0.071 3.872 Central Afr.R. ... ... ... 4.198 Chad 2.602 ... ... 5.540 Comoros 3.024 0.072 0.450 5.666 Egypt 5.097 ... ... ... Gabon 2.255 ... ... ... Guinea 2.360 0.077 ... ... Ivory Coast 2.928 ... ... ... Lesotho ... ... 0.442 6.613 Madagascar 3.972 0.077 ... ... Malawi ... 0.081 ... ... Mauritania 2.518 ... ... 4.063 Mauritius ... ... ... 7.039 Morocco 5.070 ... ... ... Mozambique ... 0.083 ... ... Namibia 3.414 ... 0.275 4.615 Nigeria 1.464 ... ... ... Reunion 3.913 0.025 0.337 4.688 Rwanda ... ... ... 3.868 Seychelles 2.227 ... 0.106 3.496 Somalia 2.288 ... ... ... Sudan ... ... 0.026 ... Swaziland ... ... 0.460 6.023 Zaire ... 0.040 ... ... Barbados ... ... ... 7.387 Costa rica ... 0.051 ... ... Nicaragua ... 0.041 ... ... Panama ... ... 0.259 ... Puerto rico 4.625 ... 0.467 6.396 Suriname 2.103 ... 0.272 ... China 6.005 ... ... ... Oman 4.906 ... 0.507 ... Saudi arabia 4.808 ... 0.401 ... Taiwan ... 0.043 ... ... Czechoslovakia 7.880 ... ... ... Iceland ... -0.014 0.805 ... Luxembourg 8.596 ... ... ... Malta ... ... 0.535 ... Portugal ... 0.033 ... ... Romania 5.618 ... ... ... Switzerland ... 0.022 ... ... U.S.S.R. 7.349 0.015 ... ... Fiji ... ... 0.408 6.111 --------------------------------------------------------- Total Number: 27 15 16 17