Notes and Cites

I number the notes for each of the pages separately, reflecting the nonlinear nature of the paper.

Introduction

  1. Steve Alexander, Online services must change or perish, Netscape head says; Jim Clark says economic principles flawed, Star Tribune, May 5, 1995, 1D.

  2. John S. Quarterman and Smoot Carl-Mitchell, How Big is the Net Anyway?, Microtimes, 3/6/95, 104.

  3. As reported in Wired Magazine, May, 1995, 47.

  4. Valerie Block, NaBanco picks Microsoft System for on-line payment security, American Banker, March 30, 1995, 12.

Jurisdictional Issues

  1. Lawrence v. SEC, 398 F.2d 276, 278 (1st Cir. 1968).

  2. Louis Loss & Joel Seligman, Securities Regulation, 422 (1991).

  3. Id., at 430.

  4. Id., at 428.

  5. Lauren Coleman-Lochner, IPO On Line, The Bergen Record, March 23, 1995, D01.

Information Distribution

  1. A clarion call of the cypherpunks and digerati (digital literati), this phrase is variously attributed to either the originator of the "cyberpunk" genre of science-fiction, William Gibson, or to Stewart Brand, of the California "hippie" Whole Earth group.

Electronic Tender

  1. Timothy L. O'Brien, BankAmerica, NationsBank Buy H&R Block's Meca Software Unit; On-Line Banking Strategy Is a Bid to Set Standards And Forestall Microsoft, Wall Street Journal, May 11, 1995, B3.

  2. Lee Gomes, BofA to offer PC Banking; Microsoft welcomes big banks' entry into market, San Jose Mercury News, May 11, 1995, F1.

  3. Don Clark, Microsoft Says It Has 43 New Partners Lined Up for Its Planned On-Line Service, Wall Street Journal, May 11, 1995, B3.

  4. John Rendleman, Study Finds Most Net Users Still Buy Off-Line, Communications Week, April 17, 1995, p.29.

  5. John Markoff, COMPANY NEWS; A Credit Card for On-Line Sprees, The New York Times, October 15, 1994, 37.

  6. Karen Epper, 1st National of Omaha Will Use Cybercash PC Payment System, The American Banker, May 8, 1995, 1.

  7. CyberCash Partners with 7th Largest Credit Card Processor, First of Omaha Merchant Processing; 44,000 Merchants to Have Access to Secure On-LinePayment Services, Business Wire, May 8, 1995.

  8. CyberCash First Electronic Payment Developer to Receive International Export Approval, Business Wire, May 8, 1995.

  9. Technology: Despite the Risks for Card Companies, Cyberspace Justs Gets More Crowded, Credit Card News, April 1, 1995.

  10. NaBANCO, Microsoft Set to Test Internet Security, EFT Report, April 26, 1995.

The Digital Domain

  1. This is a reference to a recent cartoon in The New Yorker, and is spoken by one dog at a computer keyboard to his canine companion.

  2. Reported in Wired magazine, May, 1995, 46.

  3. Simson L. Garfinkel, Programmers foil wiretaps; Free software will transform PCs into untappable telephones, San Jose Mercury News, May 10, 1995, 1.

  4. From a talk given at Stanford University, May 10, 1995.

  5. E-mail on file. The examiner had not consented to be personally identified, so I withhold his name.

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