Na+		mEq/L	pH
Cl-		mEq/L	pCO2		mmHg
HCO3-		mEq/L	Albumin		g/dL

Metabolic Acidosis (Anion Gap)	Metabolic Acidosis (Non-Gap)	Metabolic Alkalosis	Respiratory Acidosis	Respiratory Alkalosis
MUDPILES Methanol Uremia Diabetic Ketoacidosis (check serum ketones) Propylene Glycol (in BZD drips) or Paraldehydes Isoniazid Lactic Acidosis (check serum lactate) Ethylene Glycol (anti-freeze) Salycylates GOLDMARK Glycols (ethylene or propylene) Oxoporin (reflects fatty liver damage from glutathione consumption, e.g. acetaminophen toxicity) L-Lactate D-Lactate (bacterial form) Methanol Aspirin (salycylate) Renal Failure (BUN uremia) Ketoacidosis	GI Loss Diarrhea / Laxatives Fistula, (pancreatic, biliary) Uretero-intestinal diversion (ileal conduit) Renal Loss Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1 Distal or Type 2 Proximal) Renal Failure Hyper-kalemia Exogenous Acid HCl Amino Acids FUSED CARS Fistula (pancreatic, biliary) Uretero-gastric conduit Saline admin (dilutional acidosis) Endocrine (hyper-PTH) Diarrhea Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide) Ammonium chloride Renal tubular acidosis Spironolactone	Alkaline Input Bicarbonate Infusion Hemodialysis Calcium Carbonate Parenteral Nutrition Proton Loss GI Loss (vomiting, NG suction) Renal loss Diuretics Mineralocorticoids	Airway Obstruction Foreign body, aspiration OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) Laryngo- or broncho-spasm Neuromuscular Myasthenia gravis Hypokalemic periodic paralysis Guillain-Barre Botulism, Tetanus Hypo-kalemia, hypo-phosphatemia Cervical spine injury Morbid obesity Polio, MS, ALS Central Drugs (opiates, sedatives) Oxygen treatment in acute hypercapnia Brain trauma or stroke Pulmonary Pulmonary edema Asthma Pneumonia ARDS COPD Pulmonary Fibrosis Mechanical Ventilation	Hypoxia High altitude CHF Pulmonary Embolism Lung Disease Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary edema Pneumonia Drugs Progesterone Nicotine Stimulation of Respiratory Drive Psychogenic Neurologic (pontine tumor) Sepsis Pregnancy Mechanical ventilation