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Medieval Seminar

Interdisciplinary Studies in the
    Humanities Philosophy 314

A Brief Chronology of the Middle Ages: 1056-1455


1056-1106   Henry IV, following Henry III's example, appoints Bishop of Milan (1975).
1066-1087   William I, "the Conqueror" of England defeats Harold Godwineson at Hastings.
1073-1085   Pontificate of Gregory VII, reformer and opponent of lay investiture.
1085   Alfonso VI of Castile takes the great Muslim city of Toledo.
Domesday Book ordered. A survey of English lands on the occasion of a threat by King Canute of Denmark.
1095   Urban II preaches the first Crusade in response to Alexius Comnenus' appeal.
1096-1099   First Crusade.
1115   Death of Matilda of Tuscany (names papacy heir; Henry V claims lands).
1122   Concordat of Worms.
1137-1180   Louis VII, king of France, first husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine.
1140   Jews in Norwich, England, accused of ritual murder (first such accusation documented).
~1140   Gratian's Decretum includes provisions from Second Lateran Council of 1139, condemning clerical marriage
Abbot Sugar builds St. Denis (regarded as first Gothic church).
1142   Death of Peter Abelard.
1152-1190   Frederick Barbarossa reigns.
1153   Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, second founder of the Cistercian Order.
1154-1189   Henry II, king of England, second husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine.
1155   Death of Arnold of Brescia, advocate of a Church without wealth.
1155-1205   Noyon Cathedral.
1158   Frederick Barbarossa issues Constitutio Habita, protecting the societas socii at the University of Bologna.
1163-1250   Notre Dame Cathedral.
1170   Martyrdom of Thomas Beckett in Canterbury Cathedral.
1179   Third Lateran Council condemns Peter Waldo.
1180-1223   Philip II Augustus, king of France.
~1180   Giraldus Cambrensis reports the presence of scholars at Oxford.
1198   Death of Averroes (ibn Rushd).
1198-1216   Pontificate of Innocent III.
1200   Edict of Philip Augustus guarantees that Provost will respect the rights and privileges of the scholars at the University of Paris.
1204   Sack of Constantinople.
1205-1220   Chartres Cathedral.
1209   Innocent III approves Francis' first rule orally.
1209-1229   Albigensian Crusade.
1214   Emperor Otto of Brunswick and John Lackland defeated by Philip Augustus of France, Innocent III, and Frederick's German allies at Bouvines.
1215   Magna Carta signed at Runnymeade
Fourth Lateran Council affirms transubstantiation, recognizes Mendicant friars, outlaws other new orders, requires Jews to wear special clothing, and establishes the Inquisition.
1215-1250   Rule of Frederick II (successively King of Germans, Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Jerusalem).
1217-1221   Children's Crusade.
1222(?)   University of Padua.
1217   Order of Preachers approved by Honorius III.
1221   Death of Dominic de Guzman.
1226   Death of Francis of Assisi.
1226-1270   Louis IX, "Saint Louis", king of France, died on Crusade.
1227-1241   Pontificate of Gregory IX.
1228   San Francesco begun.
1231   Parens scientiarum, Constitutions of Melfi
Frederick II issues an edict prohibiting the practice or teaching of medicine without approval by the masters of Salerno.
1248   Conquest of Seville.
1253   Death of Robert Grosseteste, bishop of London.
~1256   Death of Richard Rufus of Cornwall.
1274   Death of Bonaventure.
Death of Thomas Aquinas.
1277-1280   Nicholas III (Orsini) issues Exiit qui seminat in 1279.
1280   Death of Albertus Magnus.
1282   Sicilian Vespers,
Seige of Forli.
1283-1292   Conwy Castle.
1285-1314   Philip IV, "the Fair", king of France.
~1290.   Basilica del Santo, Padua.
1292   Death of Roger Bacon.
1293   Death of Henry of Ghent.
1294-1303   Boniface VIII suceeds Celestine V.
1296.   Clericis Laicos.
1302   Unam Sanctam.
Death of Cimbue.
1303-1305   Scrovegni Chapel (Giotto frescoes).
1305   Beginning of the Avignonese Captivity.
1308   Death of John Duns Scotus.
1314-1347   Louis of Bavaria.
1314   Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II at Bannockburn and claims the Scottish throne; married to his chief steward, his daughter establishes the Stuart line.
1315   The Great Famine kills about ten percent of the population.
1316-1334   Pontificate of John XXII.
1318   John XXII recognizes the University of Cambridge as a Studium Generale.
1321   Dante dies shortly after completing his Comedy, set in April 1300.
1328-1350   Philip VI of Valois, king of France.
1332-1357.   Gloucester Cathedral.
1337   Death of Giotto
Hundred Years' War begins.
1340   Edward III proclaims himself king of France
Jan van Arteveldt and the Flemish rebel against French overlordship.
1346   Death of Giles of Rome.
1347   Death of William of Ockham
Fall of Calais -- Jean d'Aire, Jacques and Pierre de Wissant, Jean de Fiennes, Andrieus d'Andres and Eustache de Saint-Pierre offer to sacrifice themselves.
1347-1350   Black Death (described in Boccaccio's Decameron).
1348   University of Prague.
1360
  Chaucer captured by the French, but ransomed for 16 pounds.
1361-1362
  Recurrence of the plague.
1370   Death of John Buridan.
1374   Death of Petrarch.
1375   University of Vienna
Death of Boccaccio.
1378-1415   The Great Schismbegins when Pope Gregory XI dies at Rome and popular pressure leads to the election of Urban VI; subsequently, the French cardinals elect Clement VIII and return to Avignon.
1381.   Wat Tyler leads the English Peasants' Revolt.
1382   Death of Nicholas Oresme (law of falling bodies).
1386   University of Heidelberg.
1396   "The Wife of Bath" finished.
1399-1413   Henry IV, king of England.
1400   Death of Chaucer.
1409   University of Leipzig.
1414-1418   Council of Constance.
1415   Execution of Jan Hus.
1431-1449   Council of Basel.
1446   Construction begins on Kings College Chapel at Cambridge.
1453   Fall of Constantinople.
~1455   Death of Fra Angelico.

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Last modified: Sun Mar 31 21:07:52 PST 2002