Section 5

Pyramid

Write the following function:

that takes in a source image and returns a new image which copies over pixels from the source image in a centered triangular pattern. That is, only the middle pixel should be taken from the first row, the middle three pixels from the second row, etc. Any pixels that aren't copied from the source image should be white in our triangular image. You may assume that the image is at least twice as wide as it is tall and that for images with even widths that the 'middle pixel' of a row is defined as the pixel whose column is the width of the image divided by two and rounded down. Your function should produce images that look like the image below, if passed an all-black image. The border is provided for your own convenience and need not be present in your returned image.

String Problems

Parsing Problems

Implement the following functions:

1. def find_numbers(s): Given a string s, return a list of strings representing all the numbers in s. A number is defined as any sequence of consecutive digits, with at most one period representing a decimal point. For example, find_numbers('42 abc100.75def50') would return the list ['42', '100.75', '50'].

2. def parse_phone_number(s): Given a string s representing a ten digit phone number separated into parts by dashes returns a list of the number in two parts: the area code and the rest of the number. The area code is the part of the phone number up until the first '-' character. For example, parse_phone_number('212-225-9876') would return ['212', '2259876'].

3. def find_letter_runs(s): Given a string s, return a list of strings representing all the 'character runs' in s. A 'character run' is defined as a sequence of 2 or more consecutive appearances of the same letter (disregarding case) in a string. For example, find_letter_runs('a bcdeef gghhhijjjklmnnnnnooooo') would return the list ['ee', 'gg', 'hhh', 'jjj', 'nnnnn', 'ooooo'].

4. def parse_out_hashtags(string s) Given a string s representing a single tweet and returns a list of all hashtags within the tweet. A Hashtag can be defined as a string of 1 or more alphanumeric characters immadiately following a "#" character. A single hashtag ends at the first non-alphanumeric character following the '#'. Hashtags are not guaranteed to be separated by spaces. For example, parse_out_hashtags('I am going to #crush the midterm! #106_A #python') would return ['crush', '106', 'python'] and parse_out_hashtags("I can't wait for thanksgiving break! #too#much#work") would return ['too', 'much', 'work'].

5. def find_quotes(s): Given a string s representing text that may contain some quotes or dialogue represented by a string of characters between quotation marks and returns a list of strings where each string in the list is one of the quotes from s. For example:

                   
   >>> pooh_quote = '"When you wake up in the morning, Pooh," said Piglet at last, "What\'s the first thing you say to yourself?" "What\'s for breakfast?" said Pooh. "What do you say Piglet?" "I say, I wonder what\'s going to happen exciting today!" Pooh nodded thoughtfully. "It\'s the same thing," he said.'
   >>> no_quote = 'happy days happy ways'
   >>> find_quotes(pooh_quote)
   ['When you wake up in the morning, Pooh,', "What's the first thing you say to yourself?", "What's for breakfast?", 'What do you say Piglet?', "I say, I wonder what's going to happen exciting today!", "It's the same thing,"]
   >>> find_quotes(no_quote)
   []
                   
                 

Pig Latin

Write the following function:

that converts a single lowercase word to a simplified version of Pig Latin, a (profoundly silly) variant of English The rules for translating a word to Pig Latin are as follows:

• If the word starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o, or u), simply append 'yay' to the end of the word. For example, pig_latin('elephant') returns 'elephantyay' and pig_latin('aardvark') returns 'aardvarkyay'.
• If the word starts with a consonant, move all constants up to the first vowel to the end, and append 'ay'. For example, pig_latin('switch') returns 'itchsway' and pig_latin('string') returns 'ingstray'.

You may assume that the word has at least one character and is comprised of only lowercase letters.

is_alpha_order

Implement the following function:

which takes as a parameter a string of one word and determines if all characters in the given word appear in alphabetical order. The function returns true if all letters are in alphabetical order and false otherwise. If a letter is repeated twice in a row, that is considered in alphabetical order.

As a hint, you can check to see if a letter appears before or after another letter by using the <, >, <=, or >= operators, just as you would for integers.

            
>>> is_in_alpha_order('ghost')
True 
>>> is_in_alpha_order('door')
True 
>>> is_in_alpha_order('Juliette')
False
            
          

Tracing

Consider the following program:

          
def dundees(pam, michael, dwight):
    jim = 5
    for i in range(1, pam, 2):
        jim += i
        if michael:
            battlestar_galactica(pam, jim)
            jim = scotts_tots(jim, pam, dwight)
        else:
            if not dwight:
                jim = scotts_tots(pam, jim, not michael) 
                battlestar_galactica(jim, 42)
    return jim // pam

def battlestar_galactica(toby, kevin):
    creed = toby
    toby = kevin
    kevin = creed

def scotts_tots(oscar, angela, jim):
    kelly = 2 * oscar
    if jim:
        kelly -= angela
    return kelly

def main():
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    michael = False
    holly = False
    if '-scott' in args:
        michael = True
    if '-flax' in args:
        holly = True
    mifflin = int(args[0])
    print(dundees(mifflin, holly, michael))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
          
        

For each of the following calls, trace through the program's execution to determine what the program prints:

          
$ python3 the-office.py 2 -flax

$ python3 the-office.py 5 -scott

$ python3 the-office.py 4
          
        

List Problems

Collapse

Write a function named collapse that accepts a list of integers as a parameter and returns a new list containing the result of replacing each pair of integers with the sum of that pair. For example, if a list called nums stores the values [7, 2, 8, 9, 4, 13, 7, 1, 9, 10], then the call of collapse(nums) should return a new list containing [9, 17, 17, 8, 19]. The first pair from the original list is collapsed into 9 (7 + 2), the second pair is collapsed into 17 (8 + 9), and so on. If the list stores an odd number of elements, the final element is not collapsed. For example, if the list had been [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], then the call would return [3, 7, 5]. Your function should not change the list that is passed as a parameter.

Rotate

Write the following function:

that takes in a list of integers called numbers and an integer called n and returns a 'rotate' version of the list that rotates numbers to the right n times. Each element in numbers is shifted forward n places, and the last n elements are moved to the start of the list. For example, calling rotate_list_right([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) would return the list [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]. Your function should not change the list that is passed as a parameter.