If the mean time to repair is 0 then you cannot recover.  However, if there are not two simultaneous failures, then you can always recover. P1 = A ^ B ^ C P2 = A ^ B ^ D A fails: A = P1 ^ B ^ C P1 becomes A ^ B ^ C ^ D resue P2 as A: P2 = A [time passes] B fails B = P1 ^ A ^ B ^ C reuse P1 as B P1 = B. no more failures can be tolerated.