Paper topics
Choose one of these books or visual sources. Once you have read it,
expand your reading to fill in the historical context of the writer, and write
an analysis of his interpretation of Peter.
Contemporaries write about Peter and his time
General Patrick Gordon , a military officer in Russian service in the
time of Peter's father and Peter's youth. The source is more about Gordon and
his travels and travails, but it gives some good background on life in Russia
and at the court in late 17th-century Russia.
Passages from the Diary of
General Patrick Gordon (London, 1968). (Checked out to NSK; ask me for it)
Johann Georg Korb was secretary to the Hapsburg envoy to Moscow in
1698-99. He describes not only the execution of the streltsy in 1698, but
Russia's general condition as well. Diary of an Austrian Secretary of Legation
at the Court of Peter the Great , ed. and trans. Count Macdonnell, 2 vols.
(London, 1863).
Peter Henry Bruce . This military officer in service to Peter described
his life from 1704 to 1745. He includes lots of "interesting anecdotes" about
Peter the Great. You should read only the most relevant parts since it's rather
long. Memoirs of Peter Henry Bruce, Esq.
(London, 1782). (Checked out to NSK;
ask me for it)
Charles Whitworth . An English diplomat who had extensive personal
interaction with Peter describes him and his times.
An Account of Russia as it
was in the year 1710 . (1758). Green - Special Collections Z239.2 S91 W48
You'll have to read it in the library.
Ivan Pososhkov . This Russian wrote this project for reform for Peter
in 1724, so it's not so much about Peter as about the ideas of reform that some
sympathetic people of his day supported.
The Book of Poverty and Wealth
, ed.
and trans. A P Vlasto and L R Lewitter (Stanford, CA, 1987).
John Perry , engineer at Peter's court 1698-1712. This is a terrific
source since it puts Peter in the context of Muscovite customs and traditions,
seen through the eyes of a very biased Englishman. A very tendentious reading
of Muscovy and of Peter, and very influential on later generations of
historians. The State of Russia under the Present Czar
(London, 1967). (Checked
out to NSK; ask me for it)
Friedrich Christian Weber
was a diplomat in Russia from 1714-19 from
Hanover, Germany. His book is wide-ranging, about Peter, his reforms and life
in Russia then. The Present State of Russia , 2 vols. (London, 1722-23). Missing
from Green Library, has been reordered but if you are interested in this book,
best to order it right away from Interlibrary Loan.
Major historians on Peter and what he meant for Russia
S. M. Solov'ev . This mid 19th-century Russian historian represents a
school called the "Westernizers" and his view of Peter reflects that bias. It's
vol. 29 of his massive "History of Russia."
Peter the Great. The Great Reforms
Begin , ed. and trans. K. A. Papmehl. Green = DK40 .S6213 vol. 29.
Ivan Kireevskii, Konstantin Aksakov . These two mid 19th-century
Russian publicists represent a school called the "Slavophiles," which was in
some way opposed to the "Westernizers" and demonstrated emphathy for Russia's
heritage before Peter the Great. It's the Russian parallel to European
romanticism. Essays in Marc Raeff, Russian Intellectual History (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 1966) or later editions.
V. O. Kliuchevskii , Peter the Great , trans. Liliana Archibald. A major
Russian historian of the late 19th century; a very influential, critical stance.
Various Soviet views . Soviet Marxist historiography went through many
revisions in the 20th century. M. M. Pokrovskii represents a more "materialist"
approach, the Stalinist era official history was more sympathetic to great
personalities in history. Contrast these views. This bibliography is large;
consult Prof. Kollmann to narrow down the field.
Evgenii Anisimov . This leading Russian scholar from St. Petersburg is
the dominent voice on Peter today, and his view is very different from the
Soviet official dogma that had preceded him.
The Reforms of Peter the Great.
Progress through Coercion in Russia , trans. John T Alexander (1993).
More recent, Western biographies
Robert K. Massie, Peter the Great. His Life and World
(NY, 1980). This massive
biography written for a popular audience might have been titled "Peter the
Great and Charles XII," since so much attention here is given to Peter's
swashbuckling adventures in his war against the similarly dynamic and youthful
Charles, King of Sweden (Peter won the war). A good read.
Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great
(New Haven, 1998). Also a
massive work, and written quite accessibly, but not popularized as Massie's
work is. This concentrates on the stuff of daily life that Peter lived and
changed; written by a scholar whose previous work focused on Muscovy before
Peter.
Marc Raeff,
Understanding Imperial Russia (NY, 1984). Raeff is the dean of
American historians on Russia in the eighteenth century. This book is an
extended essay on what Peter was trying to do, and whether he succeeded. It
spans from the late 17th-century to 1825 and looks for continuities and
changes.
Literary portrayals of Peter and Petersburg, and other media
Alexander Pushkin , "The Bronze Horseman" and "The Moor of Peter the Great."
Since we are reading and discussing "The Bronze Horseman" in class, for your
paper you should write on both of these works. The latter is a fictional,
uncompleted novel about the African military officer at Peter's court who was
an ancestor of Pushkin.
Nikolai Gogol
. This mid 19th-century Russian author of satirical stories often
developed the theme of St. Petersburg in his writings, using the city as a
metaphor for what Peter did and what Russia had become. This "Petersburg"
theme started with the "Bronze Horseman" and can be traced through many of
Russia's key novelists of the ninteenth and early twentieth century. If you are
interested in Gogol, we will narrow down the list to a few short stories, such
as "The Overcoat" and "The Nose" and perhaps one of his satirical plays.
Modest Mussorgsky's opera "Khovanshchina
," late l9th century. This is about the
musketeer rebellion of 1698 and the Old Believers, basically about the
traditions of Old Russia imperiled. Peter the Great makes a cameo appearance at
the end, although his reforms are implicit throughout. Relating it to our
course is a bit of a stretch, but if you are interested in working with Russian
music, give it a try. The English-language bibliography on this opera might,
however, be thin.
D. S. Merezhkovsky, Peter and Alexis . A 1905 novel about Peter's relationship
with his rebellious son, written by a Russian symbolist writer with strong
religious and mystical overtones. Based on a lot of historical research into
the time.
Aleksei Tolstoi , Peter the First (1929-45). Regarded as the best novel about
Peter from a literary point of view and from the point of view of historical
accuracy and detail. A great story, focussing on Peter's youth in the "German
quarter" and his early reforms up to 1702.
Andrei Belyi
, Peterburg . A great modernist novel of the early 20th century,
this develops the "Petersburg" theme, taking the city as metaphor for Russia's
condition. A long, sometimes difficult, but terrific novel.
NBC movie on Peter the Great starring Vanessa Redgrave and Max von Sydow. Need
we say more? If we can find it on videotape, it would be fun for you to watch,
but difficult for you to review. You would have to read widely about various
views of Peter in order to assess where this movie is getting its information,
what is historically accurate, what is Hollywood, etc. Not an easy project.