•The second operational requirement of deterrence is that both sides have invulnerable second-strike nuclear forces
•The United States gained invulnerable forces only after civilians forced the production of new weapons systems
–Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) were opposed by US Navy leadership, hoping that Strategic Air Command would pick up the cost
–Intercontinental Ballistic Missles (ICBMs) were not a priority in the Air Forces budget