Observations (contd)
•Defense against atomic bombs seems to be impossible
–Viner acknowledges that “decentralization of industry and deurbanization of population” can reduce the military effectiveness of atomic weapons
–This is an unwieldy procedure and carries tremendous economic costs
–Because the article was written in 1951, it does not account for the new countermissile technologies.  The development of advanced radars, anti-missile missiles, and kill vehicles is obviously not taken into account
•Nonetheless, many defense analysts assess the effectiveness of a missile defense system as extremely suspect, so Viner’s presumption that defense is impossible is still relevant