2014-11-24

Additional charts

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Total CPU

avg(user) = 3.87    avg(sys) = 0.66    avg(idle) = 93.22    avg(iowait) = 2.17    avg(nice) = 0.00    avg(irq) = 0.00    avg(softirq) = 0.08

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU user time

avg(cpu0) = 9.89    avg(cpu1) = 9.60    avg(cpu2) = 4.81    avg(cpu3) = 4.22    avg(cpu4) = 3.17    avg(cpu5) = 2.58    avg(cpu6) = 2.24    avg(cpu7) = 1.98    avg(cpu8) = 1.72    avg(cpu9) = 1.26    avg(cpu10) = 6.62    avg(cpu11) = 1.14    avg(cpu12) = 2.82    avg(cpu13) = 3.04    avg(cpu14) = 4.38    avg(cpu15) = 4.25    avg(cpu16) = 8.40    avg(cpu17) = 3.69    avg(cpu18) = 7.93    avg(cpu19) = 3.17    avg(cpu20) = 2.57    avg(cpu21) = 0.95    avg(cpu22) = 1.66    avg(cpu23) = 0.81

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU nice time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU sys time

avg(cpu0) = 1.39    avg(cpu1) = 1.36    avg(cpu2) = 1.02    avg(cpu3) = 0.94    avg(cpu4) = 0.77    avg(cpu5) = 0.64    avg(cpu6) = 0.52    avg(cpu7) = 0.44    avg(cpu8) = 0.38    avg(cpu9) = 0.27    avg(cpu10) = 0.83    avg(cpu11) = 0.27    avg(cpu12) = 0.53    avg(cpu13) = 0.54    avg(cpu14) = 0.94    avg(cpu15) = 0.97    avg(cpu16) = 1.06    avg(cpu17) = 0.71    avg(cpu18) = 0.51    avg(cpu19) = 0.52    avg(cpu20) = 0.41    avg(cpu21) = 0.24    avg(cpu22) = 0.34    avg(cpu23) = 0.21

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU idle time

avg(cpu0) = 76.08    avg(cpu1) = 70.89    avg(cpu2) = 93.16    avg(cpu3) = 94.08    avg(cpu4) = 95.67    avg(cpu5) = 96.42    avg(cpu6) = 97.04    avg(cpu7) = 97.40    avg(cpu8) = 97.80    avg(cpu9) = 98.39    avg(cpu10) = 79.37    avg(cpu11) = 98.45    avg(cpu12) = 95.44    avg(cpu13) = 93.82    avg(cpu14) = 94.43    avg(cpu15) = 94.40    avg(cpu16) = 90.06    avg(cpu17) = 95.39    avg(cpu18) = 91.32    avg(cpu19) = 96.08    avg(cpu20) = 96.82    avg(cpu21) = 98.78    avg(cpu22) = 96.91    avg(cpu23) = 98.94

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU iowait time

avg(cpu0) = 12.41    avg(cpu1) = 17.90    avg(cpu2) = 0.84    avg(cpu3) = 0.60    avg(cpu4) = 0.26    avg(cpu5) = 0.26    avg(cpu6) = 0.13    avg(cpu7) = 0.12    avg(cpu8) = 0.04    avg(cpu9) = 0.04    avg(cpu10) = 13.06    avg(cpu11) = 0.11    avg(cpu12) = 1.15    avg(cpu13) = 2.55    avg(cpu14) = 0.17    avg(cpu15) = 0.31    avg(cpu16) = 0.33    avg(cpu17) = 0.16    avg(cpu18) = 0.16    avg(cpu19) = 0.16    avg(cpu20) = 0.15    avg(cpu21) = 0.02    avg(cpu22) = 1.07    avg(cpu23) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU irq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU softirq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.21    avg(cpu1) = 0.24    avg(cpu2) = 0.17    avg(cpu3) = 0.14    avg(cpu4) = 0.12    avg(cpu5) = 0.09    avg(cpu6) = 0.07    avg(cpu7) = 0.05    avg(cpu8) = 0.04    avg(cpu9) = 0.02    avg(cpu10) = 0.10    avg(cpu11) = 0.02    avg(cpu12) = 0.04    avg(cpu13) = 0.03    avg(cpu14) = 0.07    avg(cpu15) = 0.06    avg(cpu16) = 0.14    avg(cpu17) = 0.05    avg(cpu18) = 0.07    avg(cpu19) = 0.06    avg(cpu20) = 0.04    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.01    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU

avg(mailbox) = 2.98    avg(mysql) = 0.66    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Total Memory

avg(mailbox) = 21351.94    avg(mysql) = 18108.04    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Resident Memory

avg(mailbox) = 8017.41    avg(mysql) = 17838.09    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Virtual Memory

avg(swapped) = 17.35    avg(free) = 1491.66    avg(active) = 39248.62    avg(inactive) = 21654.11    avg(page cache) = 31300.81

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Context Switches

avg(context switches) = 11929.91

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Run/Blocked Process Queue Size, Load Average

avg(processes waiting for run time) = 1.65    avg(processes waiting for io time) = 0.80    avg(load average (1 min)) = 2.25

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Utilization (Top 10 avg)

avg(sde) = 17.45    avg(sdf) = 9.39    avg(sdk) = 9.38    avg(sdj) = 17.44    avg(dm-0) = 2.96    avg(sdg) = 10.94    avg(dm-1) = 12.33    avg(dm-2) = 27.92    avg(sdl) = 10.94    avg(dm-3) = 14.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 538.50    avg(sde write) = 858.88

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 517.52    avg(sdf write) = 212.07

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.19    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 516.86    avg(sdk write) = 211.73

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.33    avg(sdt write) = 125.86

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.19    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 538.55    avg(sdj write) = 859.40

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 543.08    avg(dm-0 write) = 928.04

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 857.53    avg(sdg write) = 0.20

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 1033.99    avg(dm-1 write) = 423.79

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 1076.65    avg(dm-2 write) = 1718.27

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 856.91    avg(sdl write) = 0.23

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.19    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.19    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.34    avg(sds write) = 126.43

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 19.09    avg(sdi write) = 31.27

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 271.68    avg(sdh write) = 464.34

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 0.28    avg(dm-4 write) = 252.29

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.19    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 1714.04    avg(dm-3 write) = 0.43

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 271.80    avg(sdm write) = 463.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.19    avg(sdp write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 0.19    avg(sdn write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.19    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.19    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 0.19    avg(sdo write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 37.06    avg(sde write) = 33.37

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 39.43    avg(sdf write) = 17.95

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.05    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 39.42    avg(sdk write) = 17.95

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.08    avg(sdt write) = 0.65

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.05    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 37.06    avg(sdj write) = 33.37

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 10.50    avg(dm-0 write) = 27.51

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 19.62    avg(sdg write) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 78.75    avg(dm-1 write) = 35.90

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 74.03    avg(dm-2 write) = 66.74

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 19.62    avg(sdl write) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.05    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.05    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.08    avg(sds write) = 0.65

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 0.85    avg(sdi write) = 1.62

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 5.30    avg(sdh write) = 13.76

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 0.07    avg(dm-4 write) = 1.30

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.05    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 39.14    avg(dm-3 write) = 0.04

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 5.30    avg(sdm write) = 13.76

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.05    avg(sdp write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 0.05    avg(sdn write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.05    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.05    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 0.05    avg(sdo write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Usage

avg(/opt/zimbra/redo-mysql) = 32.32    avg(/usr/vice/cache) = 13.12    avg(/opt/zimbra/store) = 62.69    avg(/opt/zimbra) = 63.79    avg(/opt/zimbra/hsm1) = 85.00    avg(/) = 9.01    avg(/opt/zimbra/redolog) = 17.65

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Open file descriptor count

avg(total system file descriptors open) = 7482.80    avg(mailboxd file descriptors open) = 4041.04

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU Time (Top 10 avg)

avg(tripwire) = 2114.00    avg(updatedb) = 28.88    avg(java) = 2058.58    avg(gzip) = 2779.26    avg(mysqld) = 470.99    avg(perl) = 35.75    avg(mysqldump) = 174.62    avg(zmmailboxd) = 2147.17    avg(horsewatcher-fe) = 41.62    avg(zmcompresslogs) = 774.56

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Invocation Count: Summary (Top 10 max)

max(MsgActionRequest.move) = 963.00    max(GetContactsRequest) = 2467.00    max(MsgActionRequest.delete) = 827.00    max(NoOpRequest) = 347.00    max(MsgActionRequest.update) = 206.00    max(WaitSetRequest) = 170.00    max(AddMsgRequest) = 378.00    max(GetFolderRequest) = 553.00    max(SyncRequest) = 376.00    max(GetAppointmentRequest) = 1257.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Average Call Duration: Summary (Top 10 avg)

avg(SendMsgRequest) = 376.49    avg(DeleteAccountRequest) = 29822.00    avg(BackupQueryRequest) = 463.50    avg(GetAggregateQuotaUsageOnServerRequest) = 1007.00    avg(ModifyFilterRulesRequest) = 11285.50    avg(FolderActionRequest.delete) = 343.33    avg(ApplyFilterRulesRequest) = 14489.29    avg(ModifyPrefsRequest) = 713.87    avg(FolderActionRequest.empty) = 1289.39    avg(GetQuotaUsageRequest) = 1183.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Pages

avg(pages read) = 49100122.02    avg(pages written) = 16677198.87

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Hit Rate

avg(buffer pool hit rate) = 999.20

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Database Connections In Use

avg(connections in use) = 0.50

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Tables Open/Opened

avg(open_tables) = 1193.03    avg(opened_tables (cumulative)) = 59789.49

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Total Slow Queries Count

avg(slow queries (cumulative)) = 161048.85

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Connection Pool Get Latency

avg(mysql) = 0.16    avg(ldap) = 0.20

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IO

avg(Index writes) = 111.77    avg(Index reads) = 264.80

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Throughput

avg(received) = 121.95    avg(delivered) = 154.17

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Rate

avg(received msgs) = 1.12    avg(delivered msgs) = 1.34    avg(received x rcpts) = 1.34

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Rate (Delivery Rate)

avg(mailbox add rate) = 1.80

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Latency (Delivery Speed)

avg(mailbox add latency) = 40.66

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Request Rate by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 14.27    avg(IMAP) = 72.19    avg(POP) = 3.29

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Response Time by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 245.79    avg(IMAP) = 14.89    avg(POP) = 49.67

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Active Connections by Client Protocol

avg(IMAP) = 145.88    avg(IMAP SSL) = 764.37    avg(POP) = 0.04    avg(POP SSL) = 1.34    avg(SOAP sessions) = 786.88

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Count

avg(mailbox get count) = 5326.10

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Latency

avg(mailbox get latency) = 0.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Cache Hit Rate

avg(mailbox cache hit rate) = 99.91

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Item/Blob Cache Hit Rate

avg(msg blob cache) = 41.55    avg(item metadata cache) = 32.33

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Time

avg(minor GC time) = 0.62

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Time

avg(major GC time) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Count

avg(minor GC count) = 8.55

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Count

avg(major GC count) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Used

avg(total) = 4214.25    avg(PS Old Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen) = 3308.82    avg(Tenured Gen) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space) = 803.56    avg(Par Survivor Space) = 101.87    avg(Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Free

avg(total free) = 3613.06    avg(PS Old Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen free) = 2712.18    avg(Tenured Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen free) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space free) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space free) = 802.07    avg(Par Survivor Space free) = 98.82    avg(Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Permanent Generation and Code Cache

avg(PS Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen) = 122.80    avg(Code Cache) = 37.68    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro]) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw]) = 0.00    avg(PS Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen free) = 88.05    avg(Code Cache free) = 2.96    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro] free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw] free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: CPU time used

avg(total cputime) = 0.25    avg(user time) = 0.24    avg(system time) = 0.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Resident Memory

avg(convertd rss) = 172.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Processes and Threads

avg(processes) = 5.86    avg(threads) = 5.87

No data available for the following charts:

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Swap Activity Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Dirty Lucene Index Writers Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IndexWriterCache Hitrate Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: CPU time used Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Resident Memory Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Processes and Threads

Summary