2015-03-06

Additional charts

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Total CPU

avg(user) = 4.59    avg(sys) = 0.63    avg(idle) = 91.52    avg(iowait) = 3.18    avg(nice) = 0.00    avg(irq) = 0.00    avg(softirq) = 0.07

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU user time

avg(cpu0) = 13.23    avg(cpu1) = 13.41    avg(cpu2) = 5.76    avg(cpu3) = 5.46    avg(cpu4) = 3.74    avg(cpu5) = 4.92    avg(cpu6) = 2.62    avg(cpu7) = 2.42    avg(cpu8) = 1.78    avg(cpu9) = 4.13    avg(cpu10) = 1.43    avg(cpu11) = 3.78    avg(cpu12) = 7.73    avg(cpu13) = 5.31    avg(cpu14) = 8.72    avg(cpu15) = 3.22    avg(cpu16) = 9.97    avg(cpu17) = 2.73    avg(cpu18) = 1.32    avg(cpu19) = 3.23    avg(cpu20) = 1.06    avg(cpu21) = 1.77    avg(cpu22) = 0.89    avg(cpu23) = 1.64

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU nice time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU sys time

avg(cpu0) = 1.40    avg(cpu1) = 1.50    avg(cpu2) = 0.85    avg(cpu3) = 0.87    avg(cpu4) = 0.58    avg(cpu5) = 0.73    avg(cpu6) = 0.41    avg(cpu7) = 0.41    avg(cpu8) = 0.28    avg(cpu9) = 0.51    avg(cpu10) = 0.21    avg(cpu11) = 0.48    avg(cpu12) = 0.96    avg(cpu13) = 0.77    avg(cpu14) = 1.34    avg(cpu15) = 0.77    avg(cpu16) = 0.74    avg(cpu17) = 0.54    avg(cpu18) = 0.28    avg(cpu19) = 0.49    avg(cpu20) = 0.21    avg(cpu21) = 0.29    avg(cpu22) = 0.19    avg(cpu23) = 0.25

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU idle time

avg(cpu0) = 60.02    avg(cpu1) = 55.52    avg(cpu2) = 91.98    avg(cpu3) = 92.07    avg(cpu4) = 94.98    avg(cpu5) = 93.26    avg(cpu6) = 96.67    avg(cpu7) = 96.78    avg(cpu8) = 97.79    avg(cpu9) = 94.82    avg(cpu10) = 98.26    avg(cpu11) = 95.27    avg(cpu12) = 84.61    avg(cpu13) = 86.06    avg(cpu14) = 89.28    avg(cpu15) = 95.78    avg(cpu16) = 88.58    avg(cpu17) = 96.53    avg(cpu18) = 98.32    avg(cpu19) = 95.96    avg(cpu20) = 98.68    avg(cpu21) = 97.83    avg(cpu22) = 98.87    avg(cpu23) = 97.99

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU iowait time

avg(cpu0) = 25.10    avg(cpu1) = 29.20    avg(cpu2) = 1.31    avg(cpu3) = 1.48    avg(cpu4) = 0.64    avg(cpu5) = 0.96    avg(cpu6) = 0.26    avg(cpu7) = 0.34    avg(cpu8) = 0.12    avg(cpu9) = 0.44    avg(cpu10) = 0.07    avg(cpu11) = 0.37    avg(cpu12) = 6.56    avg(cpu13) = 7.82    avg(cpu14) = 0.49    avg(cpu15) = 0.21    avg(cpu16) = 0.59    avg(cpu17) = 0.18    avg(cpu18) = 0.07    avg(cpu19) = 0.23    avg(cpu20) = 0.04    avg(cpu21) = 0.09    avg(cpu22) = 0.04    avg(cpu23) = 0.10

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU irq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU softirq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.25    avg(cpu1) = 0.35    avg(cpu2) = 0.09    avg(cpu3) = 0.10    avg(cpu4) = 0.05    avg(cpu5) = 0.12    avg(cpu6) = 0.04    avg(cpu7) = 0.04    avg(cpu8) = 0.02    avg(cpu9) = 0.09    avg(cpu10) = 0.01    avg(cpu11) = 0.09    avg(cpu12) = 0.13    avg(cpu13) = 0.03    avg(cpu14) = 0.15    avg(cpu15) = 0.01    avg(cpu16) = 0.11    avg(cpu17) = 0.01    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.08    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU

avg(mailbox) = 3.58    avg(mysql) = 0.64    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Total Memory

avg(mailbox) = 21285.86    avg(mysql) = 18155.30    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Resident Memory

avg(mailbox) = 8908.13    avg(mysql) = 17899.39    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Virtual Memory

avg(swapped) = 17.17    avg(free) = 642.98    avg(active) = 39491.89    avg(inactive) = 22392.57    avg(page cache) = 31838.82

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Context Switches

avg(context switches) = 9191.68

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Run/Blocked Process Queue Size, Load Average

avg(processes waiting for run time) = 1.80    avg(processes waiting for io time) = 1.20    avg(load average (1 min)) = 2.60

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Utilization (Top 10 avg)

avg(sdf) = 21.22    avg(dm-0) = 19.62    avg(sdg) = 15.53    avg(dm-2) = 33.18    avg(sdl) = 21.21    avg(sdh) = 15.75    avg(dm-4) = 20.98    avg(dm-3) = 6.58    avg(sdm) = 15.54    avg(sdn) = 15.77

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 0.19    avg(sde write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 764.45    avg(sdf write) = 964.43

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.19    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 24.27    avg(sdk write) = 35.21

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.19    avg(sdt write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.19    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 0.41    avg(sdj write) = 141.33

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 1560.95    avg(dm-0 write) = 499.07

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 780.40    avg(sdg write) = 249.62

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 0.42    avg(dm-1 write) = 282.71

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 1528.76    avg(dm-2 write) = 1928.64

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 764.71    avg(sdl write) = 964.22

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.19    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.19    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.19    avg(sds write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 373.84    avg(sdi write) = 559.85

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 1025.85    avg(sdh write) = 0.58

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 2051.25    avg(dm-4 write) = 1.18

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.19    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 747.25    avg(dm-3 write) = 1118.30

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 780.94    avg(sdm write) = 249.45

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.41    avg(sdp write) = 141.37

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 1025.79    avg(sdn write) = 0.60

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.19    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.19    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 373.80    avg(sdo write) = 558.45

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 0.05    avg(sde write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 48.92    avg(sdf write) = 37.38

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.05    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 1.13    avg(sdk write) = 1.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.05    avg(sdt write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.05    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 0.10    avg(sdj write) = 0.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 103.69    avg(dm-0 write) = 33.88

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 51.89    avg(sdg write) = 16.94

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 0.11    avg(dm-1 write) = 1.39

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 97.73    avg(dm-2 write) = 74.76

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 48.91    avg(sdl write) = 37.38

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.05    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.05    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.05    avg(sds write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 6.35    avg(sdi write) = 28.39

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 23.81    avg(sdh write) = 0.05

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 47.53    avg(dm-4 write) = 0.11

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.05    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 12.59    avg(dm-3 write) = 56.78

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 51.89    avg(sdm write) = 16.94

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.10    avg(sdp write) = 0.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 23.81    avg(sdn write) = 0.05

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.05    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.05    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 6.34    avg(sdo write) = 28.39

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Usage

avg(/opt/zimbra/redo-mysql) = 45.51    avg(/usr/vice/cache) = 12.88    avg(/opt/zimbra/store) = 74.40    avg(/opt/zimbra) = 69.00    avg(/opt/zimbra/hsm1) = 90.00    avg(/) = 8.01    avg(/opt/zimbra/redolog) = 21.68

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Open file descriptor count

avg(total system file descriptors open) = 7332.37    avg(mailboxd file descriptors open) = 3967.96

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU Time (Top 10 avg)

avg(tripwire) = 2001.00    avg(java) = 2244.04    avg(gzip) = 2507.23    avg(mysqld) = 466.70    avg(perl) = 37.86    avg(httpd) = 31.55    avg(mysqldump) = 148.65    avg(zmmailboxd) = 2577.72    avg(horsewatcher-fe) = 43.99    avg(zmcompresslogs) = 1426.67

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Invocation Count: Summary (Top 10 max)

max(MsgActionRequest.move) = 1260.00    max(MsgActionRequest.delete) = 885.00    max(NoOpRequest) = 345.00    max(GetInfoRequest) = 379.00    max(GetDomainInfoRequest) = 4684.00    max(GetFolderRequest) = 420.00    max(GetAvailableLocalesRequest) = 378.00    max(SyncRequest) = 582.00    max(AuthRequest) = 379.00    max(GetAppointmentRequest) = 1759.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Average Call Duration: Summary (Top 10 avg)

avg(SendMsgRequest) = 357.49    avg(DeleteAccountRequest) = 15029.00    avg(BackupQueryRequest) = 553.80    avg(GetAggregateQuotaUsageOnServerRequest) = 1027.00    avg(WaitSetRequest) = 344.03    avg(FolderActionRequest.delete) = 385.00    avg(SendInviteReplyRequest) = 367.67    avg(FolderActionRequest.empty) = 1369.59    avg(SendShareNotificationRequest) = 439.25    avg(GetQuotaUsageRequest) = 1260.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Pages

avg(pages read) = 463728082.54    avg(pages written) = 168512983.53

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Hit Rate

avg(buffer pool hit rate) = 999.26

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Database Connections In Use

avg(connections in use) = 0.54

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Tables Open/Opened

avg(open_tables) = 1192.23    avg(opened_tables (cumulative)) = 546749.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Total Slow Queries Count

avg(slow queries (cumulative)) = 1501168.62

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Connection Pool Get Latency

avg(mysql) = 0.19    avg(ldap) = 0.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IO

avg(Index writes) = 151.72    avg(Index reads) = 364.81

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Throughput

avg(received) = 119.77    avg(delivered) = 202.22

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Rate

avg(received msgs) = 0.98    avg(delivered msgs) = 1.20    avg(received x rcpts) = 1.21

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Rate (Delivery Rate)

avg(mailbox add rate) = 2.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Latency (Delivery Speed)

avg(mailbox add latency) = 53.94

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Request Rate by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 15.56    avg(IMAP) = 76.76    avg(POP) = 3.42

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Response Time by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 251.56    avg(IMAP) = 23.29    avg(POP) = 62.13

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Active Connections by Client Protocol

avg(IMAP) = 181.01    avg(IMAP SSL) = 694.72    avg(POP) = 0.06    avg(POP SSL) = 1.46    avg(SOAP sessions) = 753.60

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Count

avg(mailbox get count) = 5519.50

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Latency

avg(mailbox get latency) = 0.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Cache Hit Rate

avg(mailbox cache hit rate) = 99.98

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Item/Blob Cache Hit Rate

avg(msg blob cache) = 40.52    avg(item metadata cache) = 31.68

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Time

avg(minor GC time) = 0.55

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Time

avg(major GC time) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Count

avg(minor GC count) = 9.92

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Count

avg(major GC count) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Used

avg(total) = 4786.43    avg(PS Old Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen) = 3890.60    avg(Tenured Gen) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space) = 802.35    avg(Par Survivor Space) = 93.47    avg(Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Free

avg(total free) = 3040.89    avg(PS Old Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen free) = 2130.40    avg(Tenured Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen free) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space free) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space free) = 803.27    avg(Par Survivor Space free) = 107.22    avg(Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Permanent Generation and Code Cache

avg(PS Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen) = 138.98    avg(Code Cache) = 37.51    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro]) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw]) = 0.00    avg(PS Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen free) = 105.39    avg(Code Cache free) = 9.05    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro] free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw] free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: CPU time used

avg(total cputime) = 0.29    avg(user time) = 0.27    avg(system time) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Resident Memory

avg(convertd rss) = 176.56

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Processes and Threads

avg(processes) = 6.01    avg(threads) = 6.03

No data available for the following charts:

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Swap Activity Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Dirty Lucene Index Writers Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IndexWriterCache Hitrate Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: CPU time used Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Resident Memory Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Processes and Threads

Summary