2015-03-13

Additional charts

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Total CPU

avg(user) = 5.32    avg(sys) = 0.62    avg(idle) = 90.59    avg(iowait) = 3.40    avg(nice) = 0.00    avg(irq) = 0.00    avg(softirq) = 0.07

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU user time

avg(cpu0) = 14.82    avg(cpu1) = 14.53    avg(cpu2) = 7.30    avg(cpu3) = 7.09    avg(cpu4) = 3.97    avg(cpu5) = 6.05    avg(cpu6) = 3.82    avg(cpu7) = 2.95    avg(cpu8) = 2.87    avg(cpu9) = 4.73    avg(cpu10) = 2.25    avg(cpu11) = 4.77    avg(cpu12) = 7.10    avg(cpu13) = 5.10    avg(cpu14) = 5.82    avg(cpu15) = 3.34    avg(cpu16) = 17.16    avg(cpu17) = 2.90    avg(cpu18) = 1.54    avg(cpu19) = 4.10    avg(cpu20) = 1.12    avg(cpu21) = 1.74    avg(cpu22) = 1.00    avg(cpu23) = 1.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU nice time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU sys time

avg(cpu0) = 1.36    avg(cpu1) = 1.41    avg(cpu2) = 0.83    avg(cpu3) = 0.83    avg(cpu4) = 0.54    avg(cpu5) = 0.67    avg(cpu6) = 0.41    avg(cpu7) = 0.41    avg(cpu8) = 0.29    avg(cpu9) = 0.46    avg(cpu10) = 0.29    avg(cpu11) = 0.45    avg(cpu12) = 0.79    avg(cpu13) = 0.71    avg(cpu14) = 0.97    avg(cpu15) = 0.76    avg(cpu16) = 1.32    avg(cpu17) = 0.53    avg(cpu18) = 0.28    avg(cpu19) = 0.49    avg(cpu20) = 0.22    avg(cpu21) = 0.29    avg(cpu22) = 0.20    avg(cpu23) = 0.25

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU idle time

avg(cpu0) = 56.82    avg(cpu1) = 53.44    avg(cpu2) = 90.25    avg(cpu3) = 90.33    avg(cpu4) = 94.61    avg(cpu5) = 92.19    avg(cpu6) = 95.39    avg(cpu7) = 96.16    avg(cpu8) = 96.63    avg(cpu9) = 94.29    avg(cpu10) = 97.18    avg(cpu11) = 94.27    avg(cpu12) = 84.61    avg(cpu13) = 85.69    avg(cpu14) = 92.68    avg(cpu15) = 95.66    avg(cpu16) = 81.01    avg(cpu17) = 96.39    avg(cpu18) = 98.07    avg(cpu19) = 95.02    avg(cpu20) = 98.58    avg(cpu21) = 97.86    avg(cpu22) = 98.71    avg(cpu23) = 97.90

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU iowait time

avg(cpu0) = 26.75    avg(cpu1) = 30.32    avg(cpu2) = 1.52    avg(cpu3) = 1.64    avg(cpu4) = 0.82    avg(cpu5) = 0.97    avg(cpu6) = 0.33    avg(cpu7) = 0.42    avg(cpu8) = 0.18    avg(cpu9) = 0.44    avg(cpu10) = 0.25    avg(cpu11) = 0.42    avg(cpu12) = 7.39    avg(cpu13) = 8.46    avg(cpu14) = 0.44    avg(cpu15) = 0.22    avg(cpu16) = 0.28    avg(cpu17) = 0.16    avg(cpu18) = 0.10    avg(cpu19) = 0.32    avg(cpu20) = 0.07    avg(cpu21) = 0.10    avg(cpu22) = 0.08    avg(cpu23) = 0.12

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU irq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.00    avg(cpu1) = 0.00    avg(cpu2) = 0.00    avg(cpu3) = 0.00    avg(cpu4) = 0.00    avg(cpu5) = 0.00    avg(cpu6) = 0.00    avg(cpu7) = 0.00    avg(cpu8) = 0.00    avg(cpu9) = 0.00    avg(cpu10) = 0.00    avg(cpu11) = 0.00    avg(cpu12) = 0.00    avg(cpu13) = 0.00    avg(cpu14) = 0.00    avg(cpu15) = 0.00    avg(cpu16) = 0.00    avg(cpu17) = 0.00    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.00    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Individual CPU softirq time

avg(cpu0) = 0.24    avg(cpu1) = 0.27    avg(cpu2) = 0.09    avg(cpu3) = 0.10    avg(cpu4) = 0.05    avg(cpu5) = 0.10    avg(cpu6) = 0.03    avg(cpu7) = 0.04    avg(cpu8) = 0.02    avg(cpu9) = 0.07    avg(cpu10) = 0.03    avg(cpu11) = 0.08    avg(cpu12) = 0.10    avg(cpu13) = 0.03    avg(cpu14) = 0.09    avg(cpu15) = 0.01    avg(cpu16) = 0.22    avg(cpu17) = 0.01    avg(cpu18) = 0.00    avg(cpu19) = 0.06    avg(cpu20) = 0.00    avg(cpu21) = 0.00    avg(cpu22) = 0.00    avg(cpu23) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU

avg(mailbox) = 4.26    avg(mysql) = 0.64    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Total Memory

avg(mailbox) = 21341.32    avg(mysql) = 18155.30    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process Resident Memory

avg(mailbox) = 8985.77    avg(mysql) = 17886.13    avg(stats) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Virtual Memory

avg(swapped) = 18.26    avg(free) = 617.75    avg(active) = 39718.36    avg(inactive) = 22185.03    avg(page cache) = 31547.80

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Context Switches

avg(context switches) = 9264.99

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Run/Blocked Process Queue Size, Load Average

avg(processes waiting for run time) = 1.91    avg(processes waiting for io time) = 1.29    avg(load average (1 min)) = 2.71

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Utilization (Top 10 avg)

avg(sdf) = 22.19    avg(dm-0) = 21.18    avg(sdg) = 16.80    avg(dm-2) = 34.68    avg(sdl) = 22.18    avg(sdh) = 17.77    avg(dm-4) = 23.02    avg(dm-3) = 6.75    avg(sdm) = 16.82    avg(sdn) = 17.78

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 0.19    avg(sde write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 709.05    avg(sdf write) = 880.75

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.19    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 22.13    avg(sdk write) = 35.80

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.19    avg(sdt write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.19    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 0.35    avg(sdj write) = 142.16

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 1650.36    avg(dm-0 write) = 435.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 825.29    avg(sdg write) = 217.56

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 0.32    avg(dm-1 write) = 285.82

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 1417.78    avg(dm-2 write) = 1758.73

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 709.12    avg(sdl write) = 877.98

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.19    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.19    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.19    avg(sds write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 401.13    avg(sdi write) = 542.27

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 1125.37    avg(sdh write) = 0.42

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 2250.50    avg(dm-4 write) = 0.81

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.19    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 801.92    avg(dm-3 write) = 1082.79

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 825.46    avg(sdm write) = 217.44

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.35    avg(sdp write) = 143.66

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 1125.52    avg(sdn write) = 0.39

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.19    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.19    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 401.18    avg(sdo write) = 540.51

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sde

avg(sde read) = 0.05    avg(sde write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdf

avg(sdf read) = 46.51    avg(sdf write) = 34.43

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sda

avg(sda read) = 0.05    avg(sda write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdk

avg(sdk read) = 0.93    avg(sdk write) = 1.69

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdt

avg(sdt read) = 0.05    avg(sdt write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdq

avg(sdq read) = 0.05    avg(sdq write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdj

avg(sdj read) = 0.09    avg(sdj write) = 0.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-0

avg(dm-0 read) = 105.39    avg(dm-0 write) = 27.32

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdg

avg(sdg read) = 52.74    avg(sdg write) = 13.66

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-1

avg(dm-1 read) = 0.08    avg(dm-1 write) = 1.41

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-2

avg(dm-2 read) = 92.91    avg(dm-2 write) = 68.85

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdl

avg(sdl read) = 46.51    avg(sdl write) = 34.43

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdc

avg(sdc read) = 0.05    avg(sdc write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdr

avg(sdr read) = 0.05    avg(sdr write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sds

avg(sds read) = 0.05    avg(sds write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdi

avg(sdi read) = 6.57    avg(sdi write) = 25.17

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdh

avg(sdh read) = 24.71    avg(sdh write) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-4

avg(dm-4 read) = 49.33    avg(dm-4 write) = 0.07

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdb

avg(sdb read) = 0.05    avg(sdb write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-3

avg(dm-3 read) = 13.05    avg(dm-3 write) = 50.35

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdm

avg(sdm read) = 52.75    avg(sdm write) = 13.66

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdp

avg(sdp read) = 0.09    avg(sdp write) = 0.70

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdn

avg(sdn read) = 24.71    avg(sdn write) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdu

avg(sdu read) = 0.05    avg(sdu write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdd

avg(sdd read) = 0.05    avg(sdd write) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdo

avg(sdo read) = 6.57    avg(sdo write) = 25.17

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Usage

avg(/opt/zimbra/redo-mysql) = 46.00    avg(/usr/vice/cache) = 13.00    avg(/opt/zimbra/store) = 76.38    avg(/opt/zimbra) = 69.00    avg(/opt/zimbra/hsm1) = 89.00    avg(/) = 8.01    avg(/opt/zimbra/redolog) = 23.19

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Open file descriptor count

avg(total system file descriptors open) = 7397.87    avg(mailboxd file descriptors open) = 4022.17

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Process CPU Time (Top 10 avg)

avg(tripwire) = 1931.00    avg(java) = 1893.78    avg(gzip) = 2439.09    avg(mysqld) = 467.06    avg(perl) = 37.21    avg(httpd) = 25.39    avg(mysqldump) = 141.80    avg(zmmailboxd) = 3064.15    avg(horsewatcher-fe) = 43.45    avg(zmcompresslogs) = 1034.11

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Invocation Count: Summary (Top 10 max)

max(MsgActionRequest.move) = 731.00    max(GetContactsRequest) = 783.00    max(MsgActionRequest.delete) = 562.00    max(NoOpRequest) = 339.00    max(WaitSetRequest) = 239.00    max(AddMsgRequest) = 167.00    max(GetFolderRequest) = 335.00    max(SyncRequest) = 462.00    max(GetEffectiveFolderPermsRequest) = 170.00    max(GetAppointmentRequest) = 1065.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: SOAP: Average Call Duration: Summary (Top 10 avg)

avg(SendMsgRequest) = 369.23    avg(DeleteAccountRequest) = 14087.33    avg(BackupQueryRequest) = 808.40    avg(GetAggregateQuotaUsageOnServerRequest) = 1015.00    avg(WaitSetRequest) = 325.22    avg(SendInviteReplyRequest) = 380.23    avg(ConvActionRequest.delete) = 271.67    avg(ForwardAppointmentRequest) = 453.00    avg(FolderActionRequest.empty) = 544.11    avg(GetQuotaUsageRequest) = 1202.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Pages

avg(pages read) = 505315815.88    avg(pages written) = 183312838.66

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: InnoDB Buffer Pool Hit Rate

avg(buffer pool hit rate) = 999.38

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Database Connections In Use

avg(connections in use) = 0.59

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Tables Open/Opened

avg(open_tables) = 1188.62    avg(opened_tables (cumulative)) = 591554.91

Host zm08.stanford.edu: MySQL: Total Slow Queries Count

avg(slow queries (cumulative)) = 1560931.40

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Connection Pool Get Latency

avg(mysql) = 0.18    avg(ldap) = 0.17

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IO

avg(Index writes) = 83.48    avg(Index reads) = 243.94

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Throughput

avg(received) = 123.67    avg(delivered) = 161.24

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: LMTP Delivery Rate

avg(received msgs) = 0.98    avg(delivered msgs) = 1.20    avg(received x rcpts) = 1.21

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Rate (Delivery Rate)

avg(mailbox add rate) = 1.58

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Add Latency (Delivery Speed)

avg(mailbox add latency) = 61.97

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Request Rate by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 12.83    avg(IMAP) = 79.28    avg(POP) = 2.47

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Response Time by Client Protocol

avg(SOAP) = 277.86    avg(IMAP) = 22.96    avg(POP) = 64.96

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Active Connections by Client Protocol

avg(IMAP) = 166.43    avg(IMAP SSL) = 698.92    avg(POP) = 0.04    avg(POP SSL) = 1.23    avg(SOAP sessions) = 756.74

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Count

avg(mailbox get count) = 5235.60

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Get Latency

avg(mailbox get latency) = 0.01

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Cache Hit Rate

avg(mailbox cache hit rate) = 99.98

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Mailbox Item/Blob Cache Hit Rate

avg(msg blob cache) = 42.65    avg(item metadata cache) = 33.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Time

avg(minor GC time) = 0.58

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Time

avg(major GC time) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Minor Garbage Collection Count

avg(minor GC count) = 9.51

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Major Garbage Collection Count

avg(major GC count) = 0.03

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Used

avg(total) = 4894.55    avg(PS Old Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen) = 3989.93    avg(Tenured Gen) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space) = 798.74    avg(Par Survivor Space) = 105.87    avg(Eden Space) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Heap Free

avg(total free) = 2932.77    avg(PS Old Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Old Gen free) = 2031.07    avg(Tenured Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Train Gen free) = 0.00    avg(PS Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(PS Survivor Space free) = 0.00    avg(Par Eden Space free) = 806.88    avg(Par Survivor Space free) = 94.82    avg(Eden Space free) = 0.00    avg(Survivor Space free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: JVM Permanent Generation and Code Cache

avg(PS Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen) = 141.57    avg(Code Cache) = 36.83    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro]) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw]) = 0.00    avg(PS Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen free) = 0.00    avg(CMS Perm Gen free) = 110.88    avg(Code Cache free) = 9.73    avg(Perm Gen [shared-ro] free) = 0.00    avg(Perm Gen [shared-rw] free) = 0.00

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: CPU time used

avg(total cputime) = 0.23    avg(user time) = 0.21    avg(system time) = 0.02

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Resident Memory

avg(convertd rss) = 162.54

Host zm08.stanford.edu: convertd: Processes and Threads

avg(processes) = 6.00    avg(threads) = 6.01

No data available for the following charts:

Host zm08.stanford.edu: Swap Activity Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk Throughput: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-7 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdx Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdab Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaa Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdad Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdag Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdaf Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdy Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdv Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdac Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-5 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdw Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdae Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/dm-6 Host zm08.stanford.edu: Disk IOPs: /dev/sdz Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Dirty Lucene Index Writers Host zm08.stanford.edu: Mailboxd: Lucene IndexWriterCache Hitrate Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: CPU time used Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Resident Memory Host zm08.stanford.edu: nginx: Processes and Threads

Summary