1 1 - - - COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 1 1 0 - - - COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 (ICPSR STUDY 7534) - - PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR KENNETH JANDA THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES PROJECT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY - 0 - - - FIRST ICPSR EDITION, 1979 - INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH P.O. BOX 1248 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48106 1 - - - - - - - - - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS NUMBER: 79-90467 ISBN 0-89138-966-0 0 C 1979 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED 1979 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS DO NOT APPLY TO MEMBER INSTITUTIONS OF THE ICPSR. ALL OR PART OF THIS CODEBOOK MAY BE REPRO- DUCED FOR USE AT MEMBER INSTITUTIONS WITH APPROPRIATE CITATION TO THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND THE ICPSR. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ASSISTANCE - 0 ALL MANUSCRIPTS UTILIZING DATA MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE CONSORTIUM SHOULD ACKNOWLEDGE THAT FACT AS WELL AS IDENTIFY THE ORIGINAL COLLECTOR OF THE DATA. THE ICPSR COUNCIL URGES ALL USERS OF ICPSR DATA FACILITIES TO FOLLOW SOME ADAPTATION OF THIS STATEMENT WITH THE PARENTHESES IN- DICATING ITEMS TO BE FILLED IN APPROPRIATELY OR DELETED BY THE INDIVIDUAL USER. THE DATA (AND TABULATIONS) UTILIZED IN THIS (PUBLICATION) WERE MADE AVAILABLE (IN PART) BY THE INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH. THE COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962, WERE ORIGINALLY COLLECTED BY KENNETH JANDA OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. NEITHER THE ORIGINAL COLLECTOR OF THE DATA NOR THE CONSORTIUM BEAR ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ANALYSES OR INTER- PRETATIONS PRESENTED HERE. IN ORDER TO PROVIDE FUNDING AGENCIES WITH ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE USE OF ARCHIVAL RESOURCES, AND TO FACILITATE THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ABOUT ICPSR PAR- TICIPANTS' RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, EACH USER OF THE ICPSR DATA FACILITIES IS EXPECTED TO SEND TWO COPIES OF EACH COMPLETED MANUSCRIPT OR THESIS ABSTRACT TO THE CONSORTIUM. PLEASE INDICATE IN THE COVER LETTER WHICH DATA WERE USED. 1 1 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS - - INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL INTRODUCTION BY KENNETH JANDA I BIBLIOGRAPHY VII STUDY DESCRIPTION X PROCESSING INFORMATION XI FILE STRUCTURE XII CODEBOOK INFORMATION XIII VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST XVI CODEBOOK 1 APPENDIX NOTE 1: COUNTRY LISTING AND TIME 217 SPAN DIVISION NOTE 2: POLITICAL PARTY LISTING 220 NOTE 3: ADEQUACY CONFIDENCE CODE 224 EXPLANATION NOTE 4: ADEQUACY CONFIDENCE CODE 227 EXPLANATION FOR ATTRACTION, CONCENTRATION, AND REFLECTION VARIABLE CLUSTERS 1 1 I INTRODUCTION BY KENNETH JANDA NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS 0 MORE THAN A QUARTER OF A CENTURY AGO, MAURICE DUVERGER, IN HIS CLASSIC LES PARTIS POLITIQUE, (1951) OBSERVED A "VICIOUS CIRCLE" IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES: A GENERAL THEORY OF PARTIES WILL EVENTUALLY BE CONSTRUCTED ONLY UPON THE PRELIMINARY WORK OF MANY PROFOUND STUDIES; BUT THESE STUDIES CANNOT BE TRULY PROFOUND SO LONG AS THERE EXISTS NO GENERAL THEORY OF PARTIES. DESPITE THE IMPETUS THAT DUVERGER'S BOOK GAVE TO THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES, THE FIELD HAS FAILED TO DEVELOP AS EXPECTED, BOTH THEORETICALLY AND EMPIRICALLY. WE ARE STILL CAUGHT IN A "VICIOUS CIRCLE," LACKING POWERFUL THEORY TO GUIDE COLLECTION OF USEFUL DATA BUT NEEDING RELIABLE DATA TO TEST AND DEVELOP VALID THEORY. WHEREAS DUVERGER SOUGHT TO BREAK OUT OF THE CIRCLE BY SKETCHING A PRELIMINARY GENERAL THEORY OF PARTIES TO GUIDE DETAILED STUDIES, THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES PROJECT FOLLOWED THE ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY: COLLECTING RELIABLE DATA FOR TESTING AND DEVELOPING VALID THEORY. IN THE ABSENCE OF FORMAL THEORY, THE DATA COLLECTION WAS GUIDED BY THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPREHENSIVENESS IN CHOOSING PARTIES FOR STUDY AND BY A DETAILED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN SELECTING VARIABLES TO BE CODED. THE DATA SET DESCRIBED IN THIS CODEBOOK COMES FROM THE ICPP PROJECT, WHICH WAS BEGUN AT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN 1967 UNDER A GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. THE DATASET IS FULLY DOCUMENTED IN JANDA, COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY (1980). THIS INTRODUCTION PROVIDES THE ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE STUDY NEEDED FOR USING THE DATA IN SECONDARY ANALYSIS, BUT SERIOUS USERS SHOULD CONSULT COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES FOR MORE DETAILED INFORMATION. - THE SAMPLE 0 IN KEEPING WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPREHENSIVENESS, THE ICPP PROJECT AIMED AT STUDYING PARTIES OF ALL TYPES IN ALL TYPES OF COUNTRIES. A VERY GENERAL DEFINITION WAS ADOPTED 1 II TO ACCOMMODATE DIVERSITY AMONG ENTITIES CALLED "POLITICAL PARTIES" THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. A PARTY WAS DEFINED AS "AN ORGANIZATION THAT PURSUES A GOAL OF PLACING ITS AVOWED REPRESENTATIVES IN GOVERNMENT POSITIONS." THE TERM "PLACING" WAS INTERPRETED BROADLY TO MEAN "THROUGH THE ELECTORAL PROCESS" (WHEN A PARTY COMPETES WITH ONE OR MORE OTHERS IN PURSUING ITS GOAL) OR "BY DIRECT ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION" (WHEN A RULING PARTY PERMITS NO ELECTORAL COMPETITION) OR "BY FORCEFUL IMPOSITION" (WHEN A A PARTY AIMS AT SUBVERTING THE SYSTEM AND CAPTURING THE GOVERNMENT). TO INSURE REPRESENTATION OF THE FULL RANGE OF PARTY DIVERSITY, A STRATIFIED SAMPLING PROCEDURE WAS USED. FIRST, ALL COUNTRIES WITH FUNCTIONING PARTIES OF SOME DURABILITY DURING 1950-1962 WERE IDENTIFIED AND CLASSIFIED INTO ONE OF TEN CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHIC "AREAS" OF THE WORLD. FROM EACH OF THESE TEN AREAS, FIVE COUNTRIES WERE SELECTED AT RANDOM, PRODUCING A SET OF FIFTY COUNTRIES REPRESENTING ALL TEN AREAS. THREE COUNTRIES WHICH WERE NOT DRAWN BY THIS RANDOM SAMPLE PROCEDURE (THE U.S., U.K., AND CANADA) WERE ADDED LATER. ALL ORGANIZATIONS WHICH MET THE CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF A "POLITICAL PARTY" WERE REQUIRED TO MEET CERTAIN MINIMUM LEVELS OF STRENGTH AND STABILITY BEFORE INCLUSION IN THE STUDY. "LEGAL" PARTIES HAD TO WIN AT LEAST 5 PERCENT OF THE SEATS IN THE LEGISLATURE IN TWO ELECTIONS DURING THE PERIOD, WHILE "ILLEGAL" PARTIES REQUIRED SUPPORT BY AT LEAST 10 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OVER FIVE YEARS. THESE CRITERIA YIELDED A SET OF 158 PARTIES WHICH DIFFERED GREATLY IN THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND POLITICAL ROLES. IN AN EFFORT TO CAPTURE SOME MEASURE OF CHANGE IN PARTIES FROM 1950 TO 1962, EACH PARTY WAS SCORED SEPARATELY (WHEREVER POSSIBLE) FOR ITS CHARACTERISTICS IN THE FIRST PART OF THE PERIOD (1950-56) AND IN THE SECOND PART (1957-62). BECAUSE NOT ALL PARTIES EXISTED IN BOTH PARTS OF THE PERIOD, THE EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF CASES VARIES FROM 124 PARTIES IN BOTH PARTS OF THE PERIOD TO 135 IN 1950-56 TO 147 IN 1957-62. PATTERNS OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS IN OUR SAMPLE FROM 1962 THROUGH 1978 ARE DISCUSSED IN COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES, CHAPTER 15. - THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 0 IT IS IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE THE EXTRAORDINARY HETEROGENEITY IN THE ICPP SAMPLE OF WORLD PARTIES. THEY RANGE ACROSS IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUMS, DISPLAY EXTREMES IN ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND DIFFER DRAMATICALLY IN THEIR CULTURAL SETTINGS. THE OBSERVED VARIATION AMONG THESE DIVERSE PARTIES WAS ANALYZED THROUGH A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1 III WHICH INITIALLY INCLUDED ONLY ELEVEN MAJOR CONCEPTS (SEE JANDA, 1970B). AS ORIGINALLY NUMBERED AND LABELED, THESE CONCEPTS CAN BE DIVIDED CONVENIENTLY INTO THOSE THAT PERTAIN TO A PARTY'S EXTERNAL RELATIONS WITH SOCIETY AND THOSE RELATING TO ITS INTERNAL ORGANIZATION. EXTERNAL RELATIONS: 1. INSTITUTIONALIZATION 2. GOVERNMENTAL STATUS 3. SOCIAL AGGREGATION (LATER "ATTRACTION") 4. SOCIAL ARTICULATION (LATER "CONCENTRATION") 5. ISSUE ORIENTATION 6. GOAL ORIENTATION 7. AUTONOMY INTERNAL ORGANIZATION: 8. DEGREE OF ORGANIZATION 9. CENTRALIZATION OF POWER 10. COHERENCE 11. INVOLVEMENT THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK WAS LATER AUGMENTED WITH THE CONCEPT OF "SOCIAL REFLECTION" WHICH BECAME PART OF A BROADER CONCEPT OF "SOCIAL SUPPORT" ALONG WITH SOCIAL ATTRACTION AND SOCIAL CONCENTRATION. EVERY VARIABLE IN THIS CODEBOOK WAS SELECTED FOR CODING BECAUSE OF ITS RELEVANCE TO A CONCEPT IN THE FRAMEWORK. THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE VARIABLES INTERRELATED AS EXPECTED UNDER THESE CONCEPTS IS DISCUSSED ELSEWHERE (SEE JANDA, 1980, CHAPTER 14). THE NUMBER AND DIVERSITY OF VARIABLES IN THE STUDY MADE HEAVY DEMANDS FOR INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARTIES IN THE STUDY. THE ICPP PROJECT SOUGHT THIS INFORMATION FROM LIBRARY-TYPE SOURCES SUCH AS BOOKS, ARTICLES, NEWSPAPERS, PARTY DOCUMENTS, GOVERMENT REPORTS, AND SO ON. MORE THAN THREE YEARS WERE REQUIRED JUST TO COMPLETE THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCHES, COLLECT THE TEXTUAL MATERIAL, AND INDEX THE INFORMATION FOR RETRIEVAL AND RESEARCH. OUR EVENTUAL INFORMATION BASE CONSISTED OF OVER 70,000 PAGES OF MATERIAL SELECTED FROM MORE THAN 3,500 CITATIONS. THE COLLECTED MATERIAL VARIED FROM A HIGH OF 4,582 PAGES ON PARTY POLITICS IN INDIA TO ONLY 122 PAGES ON PARTY POLITICS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. SUCH DIFFERENCES IN THE QUANTITY (AND QUALITY) OF INFORMATION IN OUR FILES SIGNALED DIFFERENCES IN OUR ABILITY TO CODE THE PARTIES ON THE VARIABLES IN THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. A SPECIAL MICROFILM AND COMPUTER SYSTEM WAS DEVISED TO MANAGE THE INFORMATION COLLECTED WHILE IMPOSING QUALITY CONTROL ON THE RESEARCH CONDUCTED. (SEE JANDA, 1969.) 1 IV SUBSTANTIAL EFFORT WAS DEVOTED TO ASSESSING DATA QUALITY THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT. FOR EXAMPLE, EACH SCORING JUDGMENT FOR EVERY BASIC VARIABLE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY AN "ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE" CODE INDICATING THE "ADEQUACY" OF THE INFORMATION IN THE FILE AND OUR "CONFIDENCE" IN MAKING THE JUDGMENT. (SEE JANDA, 1970A.) AFTER THE VARIABLE WAS SCORED AND THE AC CODES ASSIGNED, THE RESEARCHERS RECORDED THEIR COMMENTS ON THE SUBSTANCE OF EACH CODING JUDGMENT FOR ENTRY INTO A SEPARATE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (SEE JANDA, 1975, 1979A) WHICH GENERATED THE COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION REPORTED IN COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES. SLOWED CONSIDERABLY BY THESE QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES, THE CODING WAS NOT COMPLETED UNTIL 1974. AS A FURTHER CHECK ON THE QUALITY OF OUR CODES, THE RECORDS OF THE PARTIES' CODES AND CODERS' COMMENTS WERE SENT TO MORE THAN 40 OUTSIDE AREA AND COUNTRY EXPERTS WHO (OVER A PERIOD OF TWO ADDITIONAL YEARS) CHECKED OUR FACTS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF EVENTS AGAINST THEIR OWN KNOWLEDGE AND JUDGMENT. WHILE BY FAR MOST CODES PASSED SCRUTINY, OUR CONSULTANTS MADE COUNTLESS MINOR AND NUMEROUS MAJOR CORRECTIONS IN OUR RESEARCH, THUS IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF OUR DATA IMMEASURABLY. DESPITE THREE YEARS OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC WORK, FIVE YEARS OF CODING, AND TWO YEARS OF OUTSIDE REVIEW, OUR DATA ARE SURELY STILL NOT PERFECT. NEVERTHELESS, THEY REPRESENT A LENGTHY AND CAREFUL ATTEMPT TO MEET THE DEMANDS OF THE PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. - DATA COVERAGE AND QUALITY 0 NOT ALL THE PARTIES COULD BE CODED ON ALL 111 VARIABLES. IN FACT, ONLY 9 VARIABLES WERE CODED FOR ALL PARTIES. WE WERE LEAST SUCCESSFUL IN SCORING PARTIES ON A NUMBER OF THE "GOAL ORIENTATION" VARIABLES IN CLUSTER 6. DUE TO DWINDLING RESEARCH FUNDS, WE STOPPED CODING MOST PARTY TACTICS (VARIABLES 6.01 TO 6.05, 6.11 TO 6.16, 6.21 TO 6.25, AND 6.41 TO 6.44) WITH FEWER THAN 30 PERCENT OF THE PARTIES COMPLETED. WE ALSO HAD DIFFICULTY OBTAINING INFORMATION FOR CODING THE COMPOSITION OF PARTY SUPPORT FOR RELIGIOUS, ETHNIC, AND EDUCAIONAL GROUPINGS. EXCLUDING THE VARIABLES ALREADY DISCUSSED, WE FOUND IT POSSIBLE TO SCORE MOST OF THE PARTIES IN THE STUDY ON EACH OF THE VARIABLES IN THE FRAMEWORK. IN FACT, MORE THAN TWO-THIRDS OF THE PARTIES WERE SCORED ON 76 VARIABLES. A THOROUGH EVALUATION OF OUR SUCCESS IN CODING THE PARTIES IS AVAILABLE ELSEWHERE (SEE JANDA, 1980; CHAPTER 14). IN BROAD OUTLINES, WE WERE MOST SUCCESSFUL IN SCORING PARTIES ON VARIABLES PERTAINING TO THEIR INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND GOVERNMENTAL STATUS, WHILE LEAST SUCCESSFUL ON DEGREE OF ORGANIZATION--ALONG WITH THE GOAL ORIENTATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT CLUSTERS ALREADY DISCUSSED. 1 V HOW RELIABLY WERE THE VARIABLES SCORED? CODING RELIABILITIES WERE ASSESSED AT THE BEGINNING STAGES OF THE PROJECT BY HAVING TWO CODERS INDEPENDENTLY SCORE THE SAME PARTIES ON COMMON VARIABLES. A TOTAL OF 557 SUCH "BLIND PAIRS" WERE GENERATED OVER MANY DIFFERENT VARIABLES IN THE FRAMEWORK. VARIABLES WITH ROUGHLY COMPARABLE MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS WERE GROUPED TOGETHER TO CALCULATE CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AS MEASURES OF RELIABILITY. WHEN THESE COEFFICIENTS WERE SUMMED AND WEIGHTED BY THE NUMBERS OF CASES INVOLVED IN EACH, THE WEIGHTED MEAN CORRELATION WAS 0.79, INDICATING A SUBSTANTIAL DEGREE OF RELIABILITY IN THE SCORING. OF COURSE, THE MOST SATISFYING TEST OF DATA QUALITY IS DIRECT EXAMINATION OF THE CODES ASSIGNED TO FAMILIAR CASES. THOSE INTERESTED IN STUDYING OUR CODING JUDGMENTS FOR PARTICULAR PARTIES ARE AGAIN REFERRED TO COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY, WHICH REPORTS THE CODES ACCOMPANIED BY CODERS' EXPLANATIONS OF THEIR DECISIONS. THEIR COMMENTS DISCLOSE THE QUALITY OF THE INFORMATION ENTERING THEIR JUDGMENTS AND DISCUSS PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE CODING WHEN IT ARISES. - USING THE ICPP DATA IN RESEARCH 0 THE MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX SOCIAL PHENOMENA IS, AT BEST, AN IMPERFECT SCIENCE. MEASURING PROPERTIES OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN DISTANT LANDS THROUGH LIBRARY SOURCES IS CERTAINLY PRONE TO ERROR. ONE TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING MEASUREMENT IS USING MULTIPLE INDICATORS FOR THE SAME CONCEPT. THE GENERAL IDEA IS THAT TWO IMPERFECT INDICATORS ARE BETTER THAN ONE, THAT THREE ARE BETTER THAN TWO, AND SO ON. BY PROPOSING SEVERAL BASIC VARIABLES AS INDICATORS OF EACH CONCEPT, THE ICPP PROJECT HAS RELIED HEAVILY ON MULTIPLE INDICATORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-ITEM SCALES TO MEASURE SUCH PARTY CHARACTERISTICS AS CENTRALIZATION OF POWER, ISSUE ORIENTATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT. (SEE JANDA, 1980; CHAPTER 14.) OF COURSE, SOME ANALYSTS WILL FIND THE ICPP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND SCALES INADEQUATE FOR THEIR OWN RESEARCH. QUITE PROPERLY, THEY WILL WANT TO UNBUNDLE THE BASIC VARIABLES FROM THEIR PLACES IN THE ICPP CONCEPTS. THEY ARE URGED, HOWEVER, TO EXERCISE CAUTION IN THE USE OF SINGLE VARIABLES TO MEASURE PARTY PROPERTIES. GIVEN THE QUALITY OF THE DATA, THE RECOMMENDED STRATEGY (WHEREVER POSSIBLE) IS TO CONCEPTUALIZE PARTY PROPERTIES MORE ABSTRACTLY THAN REFLECTED IN THE BASIC VARIABLES AND TO COMBINE THE VARIABLES IN SCALES TO MEASURE THE NEW CONCEPTS. 1 VI USERS MAY WISH TO CONSULT STUDIES WHICH HAVE EMPLOYED THE ICPP DATA IN PARTY RESEARCH. HARMEL (1978) INVESTIGATED THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF SYSTEM-LEVEL FACTORS (E.G., LEGISLATIVE-EXECUTIVE STRUCTURE, DEMOCRATIC NATURE OF THE POLITY) AND PARTY-LEVEL FACTORS (E.G., IDEOLOGY, GOAL ORIENTATION) ON PARTY DECENTRALIZATION AND CONCLUDED THAT SYSTEM-LEVEL FACTORS DEFINITELY HAD MORE EFFECT. GILLIES (1979) TESTED THE KIRCHHEIMER NOTION THAT PARTIES ARE TRANSFORMED INTO "CATCH-ALL" SOCIAL AGGREGATIONS TO IMPROVE THEIR ELECTORAL SUCCESS AND THUS THEIR GOVERNMENTAL STATUS. HOWEVER, SHE DETERMINED THAT SOCIAL DIVERSITY IS AS LIKELY TO BE A CONSEQUENCE OF HIGH GOVERNMENTAL STATUS AS ITS CAUSE. JANDA (1978) ASSESSED THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND PARTY FACTORS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF PARTY ORGANIZATION. SEVENTY PERCENT OF THE VARIANCE IN THE DEGREE OF ORGANIZATION WAS EXPLAINED BY SIX ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOUR PARTY VARIABLES, WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS BEING MORE IMPORTANT. JANDA (1979B) ALSO STUDIED THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN PARTY ORGANIZATION (COMPLEXITY, CENTRALIZATION, INVOLVEMENT, AND FACTIONALISM) ON PARTY PERFORMANCE (ELECTORAL SUCCESS, BREADTH OF ACTIVITIES, AND COHESION). HE DETERMINED THAT VARIATIONS IN PARTY ORGANIZATION EXPLAINED FROM 25 TO NEARLY 50 PERCENT OF THE VARIATION IN PARTY PERFORMANCE, WHICH MAY JUSTIFY THE ATTENTION GIVEN TO PARTY ORGANIZATION BY PARTY ACTIVISTS AND REFORMERS. THE RESEARCH CITED ABOVE ILLUSTRATES POSSIBLE USES OF THE ICPP DATA. ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS CAN BE FOUND IN OTHER ITEMS IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND IMAGINATIVE RESEARCHERS WILL NO DOUBT USE THE DATA IN WAYS THAT ARE COMPLETELY UNANTICIPATED. 1 VII ICPPP BIBLIOGRAPHY WILLIAM J. CROTTY (1970), "POLITICAL PARTIES' RESEARCH," IN MICHAEL HAAS AND HENRY KARIEL (ED.), APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, SAN FRANCISCO: CHANDLER, PP. 267-322. ROBIN GILLIES (1979), "SOCIAL DIVERSITY OF POLITICAL PARTIES: SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES," NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, UNPUBLISHED PH.D. DISSERTATION, JUNE, 1979. ROBIN GILLIES AND KENNETH JANDA (1975), "SOCIAL AGGREGATION, ARTICULATION, AND REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS," PAPER PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE 1975 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. ROBERT HARMEL (1977), "RELATIVE IMPACTS OF CONTEXTUAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS ON PARTY DECENTRALIZATION: A CROSS- NATIONAL ANALYSIS," NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, UNPUBLISHED PH.D. DISSERTATION, AUGUST, 1977. ROBERT HARMEL (1978), COMPARING POLITICAL PARTIES, WASHINGTON, D.C.: AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, SETUPS SERIES. ROBERT HARMEL (1978), "THE RELATIVE IMPACTS OF COUNTRY- LEVEL AND PARTY-LEVEL FACTORS ON PARTY DECENTRALIZATION: A CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS," PAPER DELIVERED AT THE 1978 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHWESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, HOUSTON, TEXAS. KENNETH JANDA (1967), "POLITICAL RESEARCH WITH MIRACODE: A 16MM. MICROFILM INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM," SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION, 6 (APRIL-JUNE), PP. 169-181. KENNETH JANDA (1968), ICPP INFORMATION CODES AND INDEXING MANUAL, 1ST EDITION, JANUARY 1968, 81PP. KENNETH JANDA (1968), "RETRIEVING INFORMATION FOR A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES," IN WILLIAM J. CROTTY (ED.), APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PARTY ORGAN- IZATION, BOSTON: ALLYN AND BACON, PP. 159-215. REPRINTED IN KENNETH JANDA, INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: APPLICATIONS TO POLITICAL SCIENCE, INDIANAPOLIS: BOBBS-MERRILL, 1968, PP. 118-164. KENNETH JANDA (1969), "A MICROFILM AND COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING COMPARATIVE POLITICS LITERATURE," IN GEORGE GERBNER ET AL. (EDS.), THE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION CONTENT, NEW YORK: WILEY, PP. 407-435. 1 VIII KENNETH JANDA (1970A), "DATA QUALITY CONTROL AND LIBRARY RESEARCH ON POLITICAL PARTIES," IN RAOUL NAROLL AND RONALD COHEN (EDS.), A HANDBOOK OF METHOD IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK: NATURAL HISTORY PRESS, PP. 962-973. KENNETH JANDA(1970B), "A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL PARTIES," IN VOLUME I OF SAGE PROFESSIONAL PAPERS IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS, BEVERLY HILLS: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, 1970, PP. 75-126, REVISION OF PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 1969 MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION ENTITLED "THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES PROJECT." KENNETH JANDA (1970C), "MEASURING ISSUE ORIENTATIONS OF PARTIES ACROSS NATIONS," PAPER DELIVERED AT THE 1970 MIDWEST CONFERENCE OF POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. KENNETH JANDA (1971), "A TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING THE CONCEPTUAL EQUIVALENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLES ACROSS AND WITHIN CULTURE AREAS," PAPER DELIVERED AT THE 1971 MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, SEPTEMBER 7-11, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. KENNETH JANDA (1971), "CONCEPTUAL EQUIVALENCE AND MULTIPLE INDICATORS IN THE CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL PARTIES," PAPER DELIVERED AT THE WORKSHOP ON INDICATORS OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, SPONSORED BY ISSC/UNESCO/ECPR AND HELD IN LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND, AUGUST 9-14, 1971. KENNETH JANDA (1971), "DIVERSITIES AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETIES," PAPER DELIVERED AT THE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY INDUSTRIAL- IZED SOCIETIES, SPONSORED BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE COUNCIL AND HELD IN BELLAGIO, ITALY, AUGUST 1-7, 1971. KENNETH JANDA (1973), "THE STATUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES PROJECT," INTERNATIONAL STUDIES NEWSLETTER (WINTER, 1973), PP 49-52. KENNETH JANDA (1974), "AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN POLITICAL PARTIES COMPARED ON ORGANIZATION, CENTRALIZATION, COHERENCE, AND INVOLVEMENT," PAPER PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE 1974 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. KENNETH JANDA (1975), "A WORLDWIDE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES," IN BENJAMIN MITTMAN AND LORRAINE BORMAN (EDS.), PERSONALIZED DATA BASE SYSTEMS, NEW YORK: JOHN WILEY, PP. 129-137. 1 IX KENNETH JANDA (1977), "A SURVEY OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES IN WORLD PERSPECTIVE," PAPER PREPARED FOR DISCUSSION WITH STAFF OF THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, SUMMER, 1977. KENNETH JANDA (1978), "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEGREE OF PARTY ORGANIZATION," PAPER PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE CONFERENCE ON POLITICAL PARTIES IN MODERN SOCIETIES, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, SEPTEMBER 21-22, 1978. A REVISED VERSION WILL APPEAR IN ROBERT HARMEL AND KENNETH JANDA, PARTIES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS (IN PRODUCTION). KENNETH JANDA (1979), "MANAGING QUALITATIVE INFORMATION AND QUANTITATIVE DATA ON POLITICAL PARTIES," PAPER PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE 1979 CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, MOSCOW. KENNETH JANDA (1979), "VARIATIONS IN PARTY ORGANIZATION ACROSS NATIONS AND DIFFERENCES IN PARTY PERFORMANCE," PAPER PREPARED FOR DELIVERY AT THE 1979 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. KENNETH JANDA (1980), COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY, NEW YORK: THE FREE PRESS. KENNETH JANDA (1980) "VALIDATING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPARING POLITICAL PARTIES," APPEARS AS CHAPTER 14 IN KENNETH JANDA, COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS- NATIONAL SURVEY, NEW YORK: THE FREE PRESS. KENNETH JANDA (IN PRESS), "PRIMROSE PATHS TO POLITICAL REFORM: 'REFORMING' V. STRENGTHENING AMERICAN PARTIES," IN WILLIAM J. CROTTY (ED.), PATHS TO POLITICAL REFORM, LEXINGTON, CONNECTICUT: D.C. HEATH. KENNETH JANDA (FORTHCOMING), "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTY ORGANIZATIONS: U.S., EUROPE, AND THE WORLD," IN WILLIAM J. CROTTY (ED.), THE PARTY SYMBOL, SAN FRANCISCO: W.H. FREEMAN. 1 1 X STUDY DESCRIPTION 0 THESE DATA WERE GATHERED BY KENNETH JANDA AS PART OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES PROJECT (ICPPP) AND CONSIST OF 228 VARIABLES FOR 158 POLITICAL PARTIES OPERATING IN 53 COUNTRIES DURING 1950 TO 1962. THE CASES REPRESENT A STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLE, WITH FIVE COUNTRIES BEING DRAWN FROM EACH OF TEN CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF THE WORLD, I.E., ANGLO-AMERICAN, WEST CENTRAL EUROPE, SCANDINAVIA AND THE BENELUX COUNTRIES, SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN, ASIA AND THE FAR EAST, EASTERN EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA, WEST AFRICA, CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA. THIS SAMPLE WAS LATER AUGMENTED BY THE ADDITION OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND CANADA. THE PARTIES WITHIN EACH COUNTRY WERE SELECTED ACCORDING TO MINIMUM LEVELS OF STRENGTH AND STABILITY. FOR LEGAL PARTIES THE REQUIREMENT WAS THAT THE PARTIES HOLD AT LEAST 5 PERCENT OF THE SEATS IN THE LOWER HOUSE OF THE LEGISLATURE OVER TWO ELECTIONS. COMPARABLE MEASURES OF STRENGTH AND STABILITY WERE FASHIONED FOR PARTIES WHICH OPERATED OUTSIDE THE SYSTEM. IN THE CASE OF NEWLY EMERGING AFRICAN STATES DURING THE TIME PERIOD COVERED IN THE STUDY, THESE CRITERIA WERE RELAXED SOMEWHAT TO ALLOW FOR ACTIVITY DURING THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD. THE THIRTEEN YEAR TIME SPAN, 1950-1962, IS DIVIDED INTO TWO TIME PERIODS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A TEST OF BOTH CHANGE WITHIN PARTIES DURING THE TIME SPAN AND CHANGE IN CODING PROCEDURES. THE TWO TIME PERIODS WERE SET FOR MOST COUNTRIES ARBITRARILY AT 1950 TO 1956 AND 1957 TO 1962, BUT ADJUSTED TO FIT MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN CERTAIN COUNTRIES. TIME PERIOD I FOR CUBA, FOR EXAMPLE, IS SEVEN YEARS (1952-1958) AND TIME PERIOD II IS ONLY FOUR YEARS (1959-1962). THERE WERE 124 PARTIES ACTIVE IN BOTH TIME PERIODS AND THESE ARE CODED FOR EACH PERIOD. THE OTHER 34 PARTIES WERE ACTIVE IN ONLY ONE TIME PERIOD AND THEREFORE ARE CODED ONLY ONCE. NOTE 1 GIVES THE TIME PERIODS ESTABLISHED FOR ALL 53 COUNTRIES STUDIED IN THE ICPP PROJECT. EACH OF THE VARIABLES IN THE STUDY TAPS ONE OF 12 MAJOR CONCEPTS IN THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL PARTIES, SO THERE ARE SEVERAL MEASURES OF 1) INSTITUTIONALIZATION, 2) GOVERNMENTAL STATUS, 3) SOCIAL REFLECTION, 4) SOCIAL CONCENTRATION, 5) SOCIAL ATTRACTION, 6) GOAL ORIENTATION, 7) ISSUE ORIENTATION, 8) AUTONOMY, 9) DEGREE OF ORGANI- ZATION, 10) CENTRALIZATION OF POWER, 11) COHERENCE, AND 12) INVOLVEMENT. TO SUPPLEMENT THESE CONCEPTUAL VARIABLES THE INVESTIGATOR ATTEMPTED TO REFLECT THE ADEQUACY OF THE DOCUMENTATION UNDERLYING ANY GIVEN VARIABLE AND THE ANALYSTS' CONFIDENCE IN THEIR CODING JUDGMENTS. ACCOMPANYING EACH CONCEPTUAL VARIABLE IS AN "ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE" RATING SCORED BY THOSE WHO DID THE CODING. THERE ARE 103 ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE 1 XI VARIABLES IN THE STUDY. THESE VARIABLES WERE DESIGNED TO REFLECT FACTORS THAT SEEMED ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE RESEARCHER'S BELIEF IN THE ACCURACY OR TRUTH VALUE OF THE CODED VARIABLE -- AS WELL AS IT CAN BE DETERMINED THROUGH LIBRARY RESEARCH. THE PURPOSE OF TAGGING EACH VARIABLE WITH AN ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE SCORE IS TWO-FOLD: 1) IT PROVIDES A SUMMARY MEASURE OF THE DATA QUALITY FOR EACH VARIABLE IN THE STUDY, AND 2) IT FACILITATES THE SELECTION OF DATA FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO THE THE RATED QUALITY. THERE ARE TWO CODES FOR EACH OF THE ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE VARIABLES WHICH ARE TREATED BY OSIRIS PROGRAMS AS MISSING DATA. THESE ARE "00. INAPPLICABLE" AND "-9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED". IN THE ORIGINAL STUDY, CODES "01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA" AND "02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT" WERE ALSO TREATED AS MISSING DATA. IF THE USER WISHES TO TREAT CODES "01" AND "02" AS MISSING DATA AS WELL, THEN USE THE OSIRIS RECODE OPTION TO CONVERT CODES "01" AND "02" TO "00" OR "-9". A MORE COMPLETE EXPLANATION OF THE ADEQUACY-CONFIDENCE SECTION OF THE CODEBOOK CAN BE FOUND IN NOTES 3 AND 4. THE INVESTIGATOR SUGGESTS THAT DATA USERS MAY ALSO WISH TO CONSIDER RECODING THE EXTREME NEGATIVE VALUES WHICH OCCUR IN THE SOCIAL REFLECTION VARIABLE CLUSTER (BV1201-BV1206) TO "0" FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. THESE EXTREME NEGATIVE VALUES CONSTITUTE OUTLIERS WHICH TROUBLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS. FOR A COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF THE METHODOLOGY, THEORETICAL CONCEPTION, CODING PROCEDURES, AND FINDINGS OF THE ICPP PROJECT, SEE KENNETH JANDA, COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES: A CROSS NATIONAL SURVEY PUBLISHED BY THE FREE PRESS. PERMISSION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY THE FREE PRESS TO THE ICPSR FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF CERTAIN MATERIAL FOUND IN THIS CODEBOOK. - PROCESSING INFORMATION 0 THIS STUDY HAS BEEN CHECKED AND PREPARED ACCORDING TO ICPSR STANDARDS FOR CLASS I DATA. THE DATA HAVE BEEN SORTED INTO ASCENDING ORDER BY POLITICAL PARTY CODE (V2). THE DATA ORIGINALLY WERE CONTAINED IN TWO FILES, ONE FOR EACH TIME PERIOD, BUT WERE COMBINED INTO ONE FILE BY THE ICPSR. FREQUENCIES AND SUMMARY STATISTICS WERE COMPUTED. THE DATA WERE PROCESSED FOR ICPSR DISTRIBUTION BY B. RUTH MONTGOMERY. BEVERLY FIRESTONE, KATHY SAVATSKY, AND SUSAN WYMAN WERE ALSO INVOLVED IN THE PROCESSING OF THIS STUDY. 1 XII FILE STRUCTURE 0 THE DATA ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE ICPSR IN TWO FORMATS: A CARD IMAGE FILE AND AN OSIRIS DATASET. THE CARD IMAGE FILE CONTAINS 13 DECKS PER POLITICAL PARTY IN A FORMAT BASED ON 80 COLUMN PUNCHED CARDS. THE DATA ARE SORTED BY POLITICAL PARTY WITH ALL DECKS FOR EACH CASE TOGETHER IN ASCENDING ORDER. THERE ARE TWO COMPONENTS IN THE OSIRIS DATASET: THE OSIRIS DICTIONARY AND THE OSIRIS DATA FILE. THE OSIRIS DICTIONARY GIVES THE FORMAT AND OTHER INFORMATION FOR EACH VARIABLE IN THE OSIRIS DATA FILE. THE DICTIONARY OR DICTIONARY-CODEBOOK FILE IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE OSIRIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE. THE OSIRIS DATA FILE IS CONSTRUCTED WITH A SINGLE LOGICAL RECORD OF 876 BYTES FOR EACH POLITICAL PARTY. IT CAN ALSO BE ACCESSED DIRECTLY BY SOFTWARE PACKAGES WHICH DO NOT USE THE OSIRIS DICTIONARY BY SPECIFIYING THE TAPE LOCATIONS OF THE DESIRED VARIABLES. THESE TAPE LOCATIONS ARE CONTAINED IN THE OSIRIS CODEBOOK. 1 XIII CODEBOOK INFORMATION - THE EXAMPLE BELOW IS A SAMPLE OF INFORMATION THAT MIGHT APPEAR IN THE MACHINE READABLE CODEBOOK FOR TYPICAL VARIABLES. THE NUMBERS IN BRACKETS DO NOT APPEAR IN THE CODEBOOK, BUT ARE REFERENCES TO THE DESCRIPTIONS WHICH FOLLOW THIS EXAMPLE. .............................................................. Õ1åVAR 0038 Õ2åI ELECTORAL STREN/BV206 Õ3åMD= 900 Õ1åREF 0038 Õ4åLOC 100 WIDTH 4 Õ5åDK=10 COL=22 Õ6å--- Õ7åIMP DEC= 2 Õ8åTIME PERIOD I, ELECTORAL STRENGTH (BV206) -------------------------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 39 BELOW FOR DESCRIPTION, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND RANGE OF THIS VARIABLE. .............................................................. Õ1åVAR 0039 Õ2åII ELECTORAL STERN/BV206 Õ3åMD= 900 Õ1åREF 0039 Õ4åLOC 104 WIDTH 4 Õ5åDK=10 COL=26 Õ6å--- Õ7åIMP DEC= 2 Õ8åTIME PERIOD II, ELECTORAL STRENGTH (BV206) ------------------------------------------------------------ DEFINED AS THE EXTENT OF PARTY FOLLOWING WITHIN THE ELEC- TORATE, ELECTORAL STRENGTH IS EXPRESSED BY THE PARTY'S PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL VOTE CAST IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS FOR THE LOWER HOUSE OF THE LEGISLATURE (OR ELECTIONS FOR PRES- IDENT, IF THE FORMER DATA ARE NOT AVAILABLE), AVERAGED OVER THE NUMBER OF ELECTIONS HELD. Õ9å MEAN STD. DEV. RANGE N TIME PERIOD I 0.28 0.18 1.0 - 0.75 100 TIME PERIOD II 0.30 0.20 1.0 - 0.89 109 .............................................................. Õ1åVAR 0040 Õ2åI AC206 ELEC ST, REF038 Õ3åMD=0 OR LE -9 Õ1åREF 0040 Õ4åLOC 108 WIDTH 2 Õ5åDK=10 COL=30 Õ8åTIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 038 (BV206) -------------------------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 041 BELOW FOR THE CODES AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. .............................................................. Õ1åVAR 0041 Õ2åII AC206 ELEC ST, REFO39 Õ3åMD=0 OR LE -9 Õ1åREF 0041 Õ4åLOC 110 WIDTH 2 Õ5åDK=10 COL=32 1 XIV Õ8åTIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 039 (BV206) -------------------------------------------------------------- Õ10åSEE NOTE(S) 3 Õ11åTIME PERIOD (THE FIRST COLUMN OF FREQUENCIES REFERS TO TIME I II PERIOD I, THE SECOND COLUMN TO TIME PERIOD II.) ------- Õ12å Õ13å 3 5 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 10 5 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 1 5 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 7 7 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 15 11 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 18 12 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 23 11 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 22 28 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 1. INDICATES THE VARIABLE AND REFERENCE NUMBERS. A VARIABLE AND A REFERENCE NUMBER ARE ASSIGNED TO EACH ITEM IN THE STUDY. AT THIS TIME THE VARIABLE NUMBERS AND REFERENCE NUMBERS ARE EQUAL. IF DATA WERE INTERSPERSED FROM ANOTHER SOURCE, (EG. OSIRIS PROGRAMS MMP AND SUBSET WOULD CHANGE VARIABLE NUMBERS) THE VARIABLE NUMBERS WOULD CHANGE TO REFLECT THE ORDER OF THE NEW DATASET, BUT THE REFERENCE NUMBERS WOULD REMAIN UNCHANGED TO REFLECT THE VARIABLE NUMBERS IN THE CODEBOOK DESCRIBING THE ARCHIVED DATASET. 0 2. INDICATES THE ABBREVIATED (24 CHARACTERS MAXIMUM) VARIABLE NAME USED WITHIN THE OSIRIS SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLE FOR THE USER. AN EXPANDED VERSION OF THESE NAMES CAN BE FOUND IN THE VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST. THE ICPSR HAS MADE ONE DATASET FROM TWO FILES FOR TWO TIME PERIODS, 1950-56, AND 1957-62. THIS IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE ABBREVIATION FOR THE VARIABLE NAME BY A "I" FOR THE YEARS 1950-56, OR A "II" FOR THE YEARS 1957-62. BV### REFERS TO THE VARIABLE NUMBERS IN THE INVESTIGATOR'S ORIGINAL CODEBOOK. 0 3. INDICATES THE DESIGNATION OF MISSING DATA. IN THIS EXAMPLE CODE VALUES EQUAL TO 900 ARE MISSING DATA FOR VARIABLES 38 AND 39. VARIABLES 40 AND 41 HAVE 0 AS A MISSING DATA CODE AND ANY NUMBER LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO -9 (MD=0 OR LE=-9). ALTERNATIVE STATEMENTS FOR OTHER MISSING DATA ARE "MD=0 OR GE=9" OR "NO MISSING DATA CODES". SOME ANALYSIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES (INCLUDING THE OSIRIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE) REQUIRE THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF DATA WHICH THE USER DESIRES TO EXCLUDE FROM ANALYSIS BE DESIGNATED AS "MISSING 1 XV DATA", E.G., INAPPROPRIATE, UNASCERTAINED, UNASCERTAINABLE OR AMBIGUOUS DATA CATAGORIES. ALTHOUGH THESE CATEGORIES ARE DEFINED AS MISSING DATA CATEGORIES, THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT A USER SHOULD NOT OR CANNOT USE THESE CODES IN A SUBSTANTIVE ROLE IF HE/SHE SO DESIRES. 0 4. INDICATES THE STARTING LOCATION AND WIDTH OF THIS VARIABLE WHEN THE DATA ARE STORED IN A LOGICAL RECORD LENGTH FORMAT. 0 5. INDICATES THE LOCATION BY DECK AND COLUMN(S) OF THIS VARIABLE WHEN THE DATA ARE ON CARDS OR IN CARD IMAGE FORMAT. 0 6. MULTIPLE RESPONSE VARIABLE INFORMATION IS USUALLY INSERTED IN THIS SPACE. THERE ARE NO MULTIPLE RESPONSE VARIABLES IN THIS STUDY. 0 7. A VARIABLE CONTAINING DATA WITH IMPLIED DECIMALS IS DENOTED BY THE MESSAGE "XX DEC PLACE(S)", WHERE XX IS THE NUMBER OF DECIMAL PLACES IMPLIED (NOT PUNCHED) IN THE VARIABLE. IN THIS EXAMPLE VARIABLE 39 HAS TWO DECIMAL PLACES. 0 8. THIS LISTS THE FULL TEXT SUPPLIED BY THE INVESTIGATOR TO DESCRIBE THE VARIABLE. SEE Õ2å FOR AN EXPLANATION OF TIME PERIOD AND (BV###). 0 9. THIS SECTION GIVES BASIC STATISTICS FOR THE VARIABLE FOR EACH TIME PERIOD. THESE STATISTICS ARE: MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, RANGE AND N=NUMBER OF PARTIES WITH NON-MISSING DATA FOR THE VARIABLE. 0 10. A VARIABLE WHICH HAS A FOOTNOTE ASSOCIATED WITH IT IS DENOTED BY THE MESSAGE, "SEE NOTE(S) X," WHERE X IS THE NUMBER OF THE FOOTNOTE REFERENCED. 0 11. INDICATES THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF EACH CODE VALUE. FREQUENCIES ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH TIME PERIOD. 0 12. INDICATES THE CODE VALUES OCCURRING IN THE DATA FOR THIS VARIABLE. 0 13. INDICATES THE TEXTUAL DEFINITIONS OF THE CODES. 1 XVI VARIABLE LIST VAR 1 ICPSR STUDY NUMBER - 7534 VAR 2 PARTY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER VAR 3 REGION VAR 4 YEAR OF ORIGIN (BV101) VAR 5 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 004 (BV101) VAR 6 NAME CHANGES (BV102) VAR 7 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 006 (BV102) VAR 8 ORGANIZATIONAL DISCONTINUITY (BV103) VAR 9 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 008 (BV103) VAR 10 LEADERSHIP COMPETITION (BV104) VAR 11 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 010 (BV104) VAR 12 LEGISLATIVE INSTABILITY (BV105) VAR 13 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 012 (BV105) VAR 14 ELECTORAL INSTABILITY (BV106) VAR 15 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 014 (BV106) VAR 16 NUMBER OF PAGES INDEXED (BV107) VAR 17 PERCENTAGE OF PAGES INDEXED (BV108) VAR 18 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENT DISCRIMINATION (BV201) VAR 19 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENT DISCRIMINATION (BV201) VAR 20 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 018 (BV201) VAR 21 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 019 (BV201) VAR 22 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP (BV202) VAR 23 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP (BV202) VAR 24 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 022 (BV202) VAR 25 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 023 (BV202) VAR 26 TIME PERIOD I, CABINET PARTICIPATION (BV203) VAR 27 TIME PERIOD II, CABINET PARTICIPATION (BV203) VAR 28 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 026 (BV203) VAR 29 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 027 (BV203) VAR 30 TIME PERIOD I, NATIONAL PARTICIPATION (BV204) VAR 31 TIME PERIOD II, NATIONAL PARTICIPATION (BV204) VAR 32 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 030 (BV204) VAR 33 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 031 (BV204) VAR 34 TIME PERIOD I, LEGISLATIVE STRENGTH (BV205) VAR 35 TIME PERIOD II, LEGISLATIVE STRENGTH (BV205) VAR 36 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 034 (BV205) VAR 37 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 035 (BV205) VAR 38 TIME PERIOD I, ELECTORAL STRENGTH (BV206) VAR 39 TIME PERIOD II, ELECTORAL STRENGTH (BV206) VAR 40 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 038 (BV206) VAR 41 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 039 (BV206) VAR 42 OUTSIDE ORIGIN (BV207) VAR 43 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 042 (BV207) VAR 44 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: ECONOMIC STATUS (BV301) VAR 45 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: ECONOMIC STATUS (BV301) VAR 46 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 044 (BV301) VAR 47 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 045 (BV301) VAR 48 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: RELIGION (BV302) VAR 49 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: RELIGION (BV302) VAR 50 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 048 (BV302) 1 XVII VAR 51 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 049 (BV302) VAR 52 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: ETHNICITY (BV303) VAR 53 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: ETHNICITY (BV303) VAR 54 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORES FOR REF. NO. 052 (BV303) VAR 55 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 053 (BV303) VAR 56 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: REGION (BV304) VAR 57 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: REGION (BV304) VAR 58 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 056 (BV304) VAR 59 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 057 (BV304) VAR 60 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: URBANIZATION (BV305) VAR 61 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: URBANIZATION (BV305) VAR 62 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 060 (BV305) VAR 63 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 061 (BV305) VAR 64 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: EDUCATION (BV306) VAR 65 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL ATTRACTION: EDUCATION (BV306) VAR 66 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 064 (BV306) VAR 67 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 065 (BV306) VAR 68 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: ECONOMIC STATUS (BV401) VAR 69 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: ECONOMIC STATU (BV401) VAR 70 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 068 (BV401) VAR 71 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 069 (BV401) VAR 72 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: RELIGION (BV402) VAR 73 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: RELIGION (BV402) VAR 74 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 072 (BV402) VAR 75 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 073 (BV402) VAR 76 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: ETHNICITY (BV403) VAR 77 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: ETHNICITY (BV403) VAR 78 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 076 (BV403) VAR 79 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 077 (BV403) VAR 80 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: REGION (BV404) VAR 81 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: REGION (BV404) VAR 82 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 080 (BV404) VAR 83 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 081 (BV404) VAR 84 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: URBANIZATION (BV405) VAR 85 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: URBANIZATION (BV405) VAR 86 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 084 (BV405) VAR 87 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 085 (BV405) VAR 88 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: EDUCATION (BV406) VAR 89 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL CONCENTRATION: EDUCATION (BV406) VAR 90 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 088 (BV406) VAR 91 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 089 (BV406) 1 XVIII VAR 92 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: ECONOMIC STATUS (BV1201) VAR 93 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION:ECONOMIC STATUS (BV1201) VAR 94 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: RELIGION (BV1202) VAR 95 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION: RELIGION (BV1202) VAR 96 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: ETHNICITY (BV1203) VAR 97 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION: ETHNICITY (BV1203) VAR 98 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: REGION (BV1204) VAR 99 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION: REGION (BV1204) VAR 100 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: URBANIZATION (BV1205) VAR 101 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION: URBANIZATION (BV1205) VAR 102 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL REFLECTION: EDUCATION (BV1206) VAR 103 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL REFLECTION: EDUCATION (BV1206) VAR 104 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION (BV501) VAR 105 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF MEANS OF PRODUCTION (BV501) VAR 106 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 104 (BV501) VAR 107 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 105 (BV501) VAR 108 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENT ROLE IN ECONOMIC PLANNING (BV502) VAR 109 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENT ROLE IN ECONOMIC PLANNING (BV502) VAR 119 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 108 (BV502) VAR 111 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 109 (BV502) VAR 112 TIME PERIOD I, REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH (BV503) VAR 113 TIME PERIOD II, REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH (BV503) VAR 114 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 112 (BV503) VAR 115 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 113 (BV503) VAR 116 TIME PERIOD I, SOCIAL WELFARE (BV504) VAR 117 TIME PERIOD II, SOCIAL WELFARE (BV504) VAR 118 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 116 (BV504) VAR 119 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 117 (BV504) VAR 120 TIME PERIOD I, SECULARIZATION OF SOCIETY (BV505) VAR 121 TIME PERIOD II, SECULARIZATION OF SOCIETY (BV505) VAR 122 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 120 (BV505) VAR 123 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 121 (BV505) VAR 124 TIME PERIOD I, SUPPORT OF THE MILITARY (BV506) VAR 125 TIME PERIOD II, SUPPORT OF THE MILITARY (BV506) VAR 126 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 124 (BV506) VAR 127 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 125 (BV506) VAR 128 TIME PERIOD I, ALIGNMENT WITH EAST-WEST BLOCS (BV507) VAR 129 TIME PERIOD II, ALIGNMENT WITH EAST-WEST BLOCS (BV507) VAR 130 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 128 (BV507) VAR 131 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 129 (BV507) VAR 132 TIME PERIOD I, ANTI-COLONIALISM (BV508) VAR 133 TIME PERIOD II, ANTI-COLONIALISM (BV508) 1 XIX VAR 134 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 132 (BV508) VAR 135 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 133 (BV508) VAR 136 TIME PERIOD I, SUPRANATIONAL INTEGRATION (BV509) VAR 137 TIME PERIOD II, SUPRANATIONAL INTEGRATION (BV509) VAR 138 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 136 (BV509) VAR 139 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 137 (BV509) VAR 140 TIME PERIOD I, NATIONAL INTEGRATION (BV510) VAR 141 TIME PERIOD II, NATIONAL INTEGRATION (BV510) VAR 142 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 140 (BV510) VAR 143 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 141 (BV510) VAR 144 TIME PERIOD I, ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION (BV511) VAR 145 TIME PERIOD II, ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION (BV511) VAR 146 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 144 (BV511) VAR 147 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 145 (BV511) VAR 148 TIME PERIOD I, PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS (BV512) VAR 149 TIME PERIOD II, PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS (BV512) VAR 150 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 148 (BV512) VAR 151 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 149 (BV512) VAR 152 TIME PERIOD I, INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL LIBERTIES (BV513) VAR 153 TIME PERIOD II, INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL LIBERTIES (BV513) VAR 154 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 152 (BV513) VAR 155 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 153 (BV513) VAR 156 TIME PERIOD I, STATE DEPARTMENT LEFT-RIGHT RATING (BV514) VAR 157 TIME PERIOD II, STATE DEPARTMENT LEFT-RIGHT RATING (BV514) VAR 158 SOVIET EXPERT LEFT-RIGHT RATING (BV515) VAR 159 TIME PERIOD I, OPEN COMPETITION IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS (BV600) VAR 16O TIME PERIOD II, OPEN COMPETITION IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS (BV600) VAR 161 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 159 (BV600) VAR 162 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 160 (BV600) VAR 163 TIME PERIOD I, ADVERTISING CANDIDADATES BY MASS MEDIA: RADIO, TV, NEWSPAPER (BV601) VAR 164 TIME PERIOD II, ADVERTISING CANDIDATES BY MASS MEDIA: RADIO, TV, NEWSPAPER (BV601) VAR 165 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 163 (BV601) VAR 166 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 164 (BV601) VAR 167 TIME PERIOD I, ADVERTISING CANDIDATES BY SIGNS, POSTERS, BILLBOARDS, MAIL (BV602) VAR 168 TIME PERIOD II, ADVERTISING CANDIDATES BY SIGNS, POSTERS, BILLBOARDS, MAIL (BV602) VAR 169 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 167 (BV602) VAR 170 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 168 (BV602) VAR 171 TIME PERIOD I, PROMOTING CANDIDATES THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT AND CANVASSING (BV603) VAR 172 TIME PERIOD II, PROMOTING CANDIDATES THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT AND CANVASSING (BV603) VAR 173 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 171 (BV603) VAR 174 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 172 (BV603) 1 XX VAR 175 TIME PERIOD I, HOLDING PUBLIC MEETINGS AND RALLIES FOR CANDIDATE EXPOSURE (BV604) VAR 176 TIME PERIOD II, HOLDING PUBLIC MEETINGS AND RALLIES FOR CANDIDATE EXPOSURE (BV604) VAR 177 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 175 (BV604) VAR 178 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 176 (BV604) VAR 179 TIME PERIOD I, REGISTERING VOTERS,TRANSPORTING THEM TO POLLS, PROVIDING BABYSITTERS (BV605) VAR 180 TIME PERIOD II, REGISTERING VOTERS,TRANSPORTING THEM TO POLLS, PROVIDING BABYSITTERS (BV605) VAR 181 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 179 (BV605) VAR 182 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 180 (BV605) VAR 183 TIME PERIOD I, RESTRICTING PARTY COMPETITION (BV610) VAR 184 TIME PERIOD II, RESTRICTING PARTY COMPETITION (BV610) VAR 185 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 183 (BV610) VAR 186 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 184 (BV610) VAR 187 TIME PERIOD I, INTERFERING WITH OPPOSITION ADVER- TISING: DESTROYING SIGNS, JAMMING BROADCASTS(BV611) VAR 188 TIME PERIOD II, INTERFERING WITH OPPOSITION ADVER- TISING: DESTROYING SIGNS, JAMMING BROADCASTS(BV611) VAR 189 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 187 (BV611) VAR 190 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 188 (BV611) VAR 191 TIME PERIOD I, HARASSING OPPOSITION PARTY WORKERS: THREATENING VIOLENCE, IMPRISONMENT (BV612) VAR 192 TIME PERIOD II, HARASSING OPPOSITION PARTY WORKERS: THREATENING VIOLENCE, IMPRISONMENT (BV612) VAR 193 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 191 (BV612) VAR 194 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 192 (BV612) VAR 195 TIME PERIOD I, HARASSING OPPOSITION CANDIDATES: THREATENING VIOLENCE, IMPRISONMENT (BV613) VAR 196 TIME PERIOD II, HARASSING OPPOSITION CANDIDATES: THREATENING VIOLENCE, IMPRISONMENT (BV613) VAR 197 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 195 (BV613) VAR 198 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 196 (BV613) VAR 199 TIME PERIOD I, HARASSING OPPOSITION VOTERS: PURCHASING VOTES (BV614) VAR 200 TIME PERIOD II, HARASSING OPPOSITION VOTERS, PURCHASING VOTES (BV614) VAR 201 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 199 (BV614) VAR 202 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 200 (BV614) VAR 203 TIME PERIOD I, FALSIFYING VOTE REPORTS (BV615) VAR 204 TIME PERIOD II, FALSIFYING VOTE REPORTS (BV615) VAR 205 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 203 (BV615) VAR 206 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 204 (BV615) VAR 207 TIME PERIOD I, COOPTING POLITICAL OPPONENTS INTO COOPERATION INSTEAD OF COMPETITION (BV616) VAR 208 TIME PERIOD II, COOPTING POLITICAL OPPONENTS INTO COOPERATION INSTEAD OF COMPETITION (BV616) VAR 209 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 207 (BV616) VAR 210 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 208 (BV616) VAR 211 TIME PERIOD I, SUBVERTING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM (BV620) 1 XXI VAR 212 TIME PERIOD II, SUBVERTING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM (BV620) VAR 213 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 211 (BV620) VAR 214 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 212 (BV620) VAR 215 TIME PERIOD I, BOYCOTTING ELECTIONS, PUBLICIZING DESTRUCTION OF BALLOTS, ELECTION RECORDS (BV621) VAR 216 TIME PERIOD II, BOYCOTTING ELECTIONS, PUBLICIZING DESTRUCTION OF BALLOTS, ELECTION RECORDS (BV621) VAR 217 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 215 (BV621) VAR 218 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 216 (BV621) VAR 219 TIME PERIOD I, TERRORIZING THE POPULATION (BV622) VAR 220 TIME PERIOD II, TERRORIZING THE POPULATION (BV622) VAR 221 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 219 (BV622) VAR 222 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 220 (BV622) VAR 223 TIME PERIOD I, LEADING STRIKES AND RIOTS (BV623) VAR 224 TIME PERIOD II, LEADING STRIKES AND RIOTS (BV623) VAR 225 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 223 (BV623) VAR 226 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 224 (BV623) VAR 227 TIME PERIOD I, SABOTAGING FOVERNMENT FACILITIES (BV624) VAR 228 TIME PERIOD II, SABOTAGING GOVERNMENT FACILITIES (BV624) VAR 229 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 227 (BV624) VAR 230 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 228 (BV624) VAR 231 TIME PERIOD I, ATTEMPTING ASSASSINATIONS, ATTEMPTING COUPS (BV625) VAR 232 TIME PERIOD II, ATTEMPTING ASSASSINATIONS, ATTEMPTING COUPS (BV625) VAR 233 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 231 (BV625) VAR 234 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 232 (BV625) VAR 235 TIME PERIOD I, CONDUCTING GUERRILLA WARFARE (BV626) VAR 236 TIME PERIOD II, CONDUCTING GUERRILLA WARFARE (BV626) VAR 237 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 235 (BV626) VAR 238 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 236 (BV626) VAR 239 TIME PERIOD I, OPERATING MASS COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA: RADIO, TV, NEWSPAPER (BV631) VAR 240 TIME PERIOD II, OPERATING MASS COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA: RADIO, TV, NEWSPAPER (BV631) VAR 241 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 239 (BV631) VAR 242 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 240 (BV631) VAR 243 TIME PERIOD I, OPERATING PARTY SCHOOLS (DISTINGUISHED FROM GENERAL EDUCATION) (BV632) VAR 244 TIME PERIOD II, OPERATING PARTY SCHOOLS (DISTINGUISHED FROM GENERAL EDUCATION) (BV632) VAR 249 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 243 (BV632) VAR 246 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 244 (BV632) VAR 247 TIME PERIOD I, PASSING RESOLUTIONS AND PLATFORMS (BV633) VAR 248 TIME PERIOD II, PASSING RESOLUTIONS AND PLATFORMS (BV633) VAR 249 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 247 (BV633) VAR 250 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 248 (BV633) VAR 251 TIME PERIOD I, PUBLISHING POSITION PAPERS (BV634) VAR 252 TIME PERIOD II, PUBLISHING POSITION PAPERS (BV634) 1 XXII VAR 253 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 251 (BV634) VAR 254 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 252 (BV634) VAR 255 TIME PERIOD I, ELECTORAL AGREEMENTS FOR LEGISLATIVE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS (BV641) VAR 256 TIME PERIOD II, ELECTORAL AGREEMENTS FOR LEGISLATIVE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS (BV641) VAR 257 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 255 (BV641) VAR 258 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 256 (BV641) VAR 259 TIME PERIOD I, LEGISLATIVE BLOCS (BV642) VAR 260 TIME PERIOD II, LEGISLATIVE BLOCS (BV642) VAR 261 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 259 (BV642) VAR 262 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 260 (BV642) VAR 263 TIME PERIOD I, CABINET COALITIONS (IN PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT) (BV643) VAR 264 TIME PERIOD II, CABINET COALITIONS (IN PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT) (BV643) VAR 265 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 263 (BV643) VAR 266 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 264 (BV643) VAR 267 TIME PERIOD I, SUPPORTING COMMON CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS (BV644) VAR 268 TIME PERIOD II, SUPPORTING COMMON CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS (BV644) VAR 269 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 267 (BV644) VAR 270 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 268 (BV644) VAR 271 TIME PERIOD I, PROVIDING FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHING (BV651) VAR 272 TIME PERIOD II, PROVIDING FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHING (BV651) VAR 273 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 271 (BV651) VAR 274 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 272 (BV651) VAR 275 TIME PERIOD I, PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT SERVICES (NOT INCLUDING PATRONAGE JOBS) (BV652) VAR 276 TIME PERIOD II, PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT SERVICES (NOT INCLUDING PATRONAGE JOBS) (BV652) VAR 277 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 275 (BV652) VAR 278 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 276 (BV652) VAR 279 TIME PERIOD I, INTERCEDING WITH GOVERNMENT ON CITIZEN'S BEHALF (BV653) VAR 280 TIME PERIOD II, INTERCEDING WITH GOVERNMENT ON CITIZEN'S BEHALF (BV653) VAR 281 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 279 (BV653) VAR 282 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 280 (BV653) VAR 283 TIME PERIOD I, PROVIDING BASIC EDUCATION, BUT NOT PRIMARILY POLITICAL EDUCATION (BV654) VAR 284 TIME PERIOD II, PROVIDING BASIC EDUCATION, BUT NOT PRIMARILY POLITICAL EDUCATION (BV654) VAR 285 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 283 (BV654) VAR 286 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 284 (BV654) VAR 287 TIME PERIOD I, PROVIDING RECREATIONAL FACILITIES OR SERVICES (BV655) VAR 288 TIME PERIOD II, PROVIDING RECREATIONAL FACILITIES OR SERVICES (BV655) VAR 289 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 287 (BV655) VAR 290 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 288 (BV655) 1 XXIII VAR 291 TIME PERIOD I, SOURCE OF FUNDS (BV701) VAR 292 TIME PERIOD II, SOURCE OF FUNDS (BV701) VAR 293 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 291 (BV701) VAR 294 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 292 (BV701) VAR 295 TIME PERIOD I, FIRST SOURCE OF FUNDS: SECTOR 1 VAR 296 TIME PERIOD II, FIRST SOURCE OF FUNDS: SECTOR 1 VAR 297 TIME PERIOD I, SECOND SOURCE OF FUNDS: SECTOR 2 VAR 298 TIME PERIOD II, SECOND SOURCE OF FUNDS: SECTOR 2 VAR 399 TIME PERIOD I, SOURCE OF MEMBERS: DIRECT OR INDIRECT (BV702) VAR 300 TIME PERIOD II, SOURCE OF MEMBERS: DIRECT OR INDIRECT (BV702) VAR 301 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 299 (BV702) VAR 302 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 300 (BV702) VAR 303 TIME PERIOD I, FIRST SOURCE OF MEMBERS: SECTOR 1 VAR 304 TIME PERIOD II, FIRST SOURCE OF MEMBERS: SECTOR 1 VAR 305 TIME PERIOD I, SECOND SOURCE OF MEMBERS: SECTOR 2 VAR 306 TIME PERIOD II, SECOND SOURCE OF MEMBERS: SECTOR 2 VAR 307 TIME PERIOD I, SOURCE OF LEADERS (BV703) VAR 308 TIME PERIOD II, SOURCE OF LEADERS (BV703) VAR 309 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 307 (BV703) VAR 310 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 308 (BV703) VAR 311 TIME PERIOD I, FIRST SOURCE OF LEADERS: SECTOR 1 VAR 312 TIME PERIOD II, FIRST SOURCE OF LEADERS: SECTOR 1 VAR 313 TIME PERIOD I, SECOND SOURCE OF LEADERS: SECTOR 2 VAR 314 TIME PERIOD II, SECOND SOURCE OF LEADERS: SECTOR 2 VAR 315 TIME PERIOD I, RELATIONS WITH DOMESTIC PARTIES (BV704) VAR 316 TIME PERIOD II, RELATIONS WITH DOMESTIC PARTIES (BV704) VAR 317 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 315 (BV704) VAR 318 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 316 (BV704) VAR 319 TIME PERIOD I, RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS (BV705) VAR 320 TIME PERIOD II, RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS (BV705) VAR 321 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 319 (BV705) VAR 322 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 320 (BV705) VAR 323 TIME PERIOD I, STRUCTURAL ARTICULATION (BV801) VAR 324 TIME PERIOD II, STRUCTURAL ARTICULATION (BV801) VAR 325 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 323 (BV801) VAR 326 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 324 (BV801) VAR 327 TIME PERIOD I, INTENSIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV802) VAR 328 TIME PERIOD II, INTENSIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV802) VAR 329 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 327 (BV802) VAR 330 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 328 (BV802) VAR 331 TIME PERIOD I, EXTENSIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV803) VAR 339 TIME PERIOD II, EXTENSIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV803) VAR 333 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 331 (BV803) VAR 334 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 332 (BV803) VAR 335 TIME PERIOD I, FREQUENCY OF LOCAL MEETINGS (BV804) VAR 336 TIME PERIOD II, FREQUENCY OF LOCAL MEETINGS (BV804) 1 XXIV VAR 337 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 335 (BV804) VAR 338 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 336 (BV804) VAR 339 TIME PERIOD I, FREQUENCY OF NATIONAL MEETINGS (BV805) VAR 340 TIME PERIOD II, FREQUENCY OF NATIONAL MEETINGS (BV805) VAR 341 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 339 (BV805) VAR 342 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 340 (BV805) VAR 343 TIME PERIOD I, MAINTAINING RECORDS (BV806) VAR 344 TIME PERIOD II, MAINTAINING RECORDS (BV806) VAR 345 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 343 (BV806) VAR 346 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 344 (BV806) VAR 347 TIME PERIOD I, PERVASIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV807) VAR 348 TIME PERIOD II, PERVASIVENESS OF ORGANIZATION (BV807) VAR 349 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 347 (BV807) VAR 350 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 348 (BV807) VAR 351 TIME PERIOD I, NATIONALIZATION OF STRUCTURE (BV901) VAR 352 TIME PERIOD II, NATIONALIZATION OF STRUCTURE (BV901) VAR 353 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 351 (BV901) VAR 354 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 352 (BV901) VAR 355 TIME PERIOD I, SELECTING THE NATIONAL LEADER (BV902) VAR 356 TIME PERIOD II, SELECTING THE NATIONAL LEADER (BV902) VAR 357 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 355 (B902) VAR 358 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 356 (BV902) VAR 359 TIME PERIOD I, SELECTING PARLIAMENTARY CANDIDATES (BV903) VAR 360 TIME PERIOD II, SELECTING PARLIAMENTARY CANDIDATES (BV903) VAR 361 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 359 (BV903) VAR 362 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 360 (BV903) VAR 363 TIME PERIOD I, ALLOCATING FUNDS (BV904) VAR 364 TIME PERIOD II, ALLOCATING FUNDS (BV904) VAR 365 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 363 (BV904) VAR 366 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 364 (BV904) VAR 367 TIME PERIOD I, FORMULATING POLICY (BV905) VAR 368 TIME PERIOD II, FORMULATING POLICY (BV905) VAR 369 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 367 (BV905) VAR 370 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 368 (BV905) VAR 371 TIME PERIOD I, CONTROLLING COMMUNICATIONS (BV906) VAR 372 TIME PERIOD II, CONTROLLING COMMUNICATIONS (BV906) VAR 373 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 371 (BV906) VAR 374 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 372 (BV906) VAR 375 TIME PERIOD I, ADMINISTERING DISCIPLINE (BV907) VAR 376 TIME PERIOD II, ADMINISTERING DISCIPLINE (BV907) VAR 377 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 375 (BV907) VAR 378 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 376 (BV907) VAR 379 TIME PERIOD I, LEADERSHIP CONCENTRATION (BV908) VAR 380 TIME PERIOD II, LEADERSHIP CONCENTRATION (BV908) VAR 381 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 379 (BV908) VAR 382 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 380 (BV908) VAR 383 TIME PERIOD I, LEGISLATIVE COHESION (BV1001) VAR 384 TIME PERIOD II, LEGISLATIVE COHESION (BV1001) 1 XXV VAR 385 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 383 (BV1001) VAR 386 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 384 (BV1001) VAR 387 TIME PERIOD I, IDEOLOGICAL FACTIONALISM (BV1002) VAR 388 TIME PERIOD II, IDEOLOGICAL FACTIONALISM (BV1002) VAR 389 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 387 (BV1002) VAR 390 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 388 (BV1002) VAR 391 TIME PERIOD I, ISSUE FACTIONALISM (BV1003) VAR 392 TIME PERIOD II, ISSUE FACTIONALISM (BV1003) VAR 393 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 391 (BV1003) VAR 394 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 392 (BV1003) VAR 395 TIME PERIOD I, LEADERSHIP FACTIONALISM (BV1004) VAR 396 TIME PERIOD II, LEADERSHIP FACTIONALISM (BV1004) VAR 397 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 395 (BV1004) VAR 398 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 396 (BV1004) VAR 499 TIME PERIOD I, STRATEGIC OR TACTICAL FACTIONALISM (BV1005) VAR 400 TIME PERIOD II, STRATEGIC OR TACTICAL FACTIONALISM (BV1005) VAR 401 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 399 (BV1005) VAR 402 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 400 (BV1005) VAR 403 TIME PERIOD I, PARTY PURGES (BV1006) VAR 404 TIME PERIOD II, PARTY PURGES (BV1006) VAR 405 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 403 (BV1006) VAR 406 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 404 (BV1006) VAR 407 TIME PERIOD I, MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS (BV1101) VAR 408 TIME PERIOD II, MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS (BV1101) VAR 409 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 407 (BV1101) VAR 410 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 408 (BV1101) VAR 411 TIME PERIOD I, MEMBERSHIP PARTICIPATION (BV1102) VAR 412 TIME PERIOD II, MEMBERSHIP PARTICIPATION (BV1102) VAR 413 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 411 (BV1102) VAR 414 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 412 (BV1102) VAR 415 TIME PERIOD I, MATERIAL INCENTIVES (BV1103) VAR 416 TIME PERIOD II, MATERIAL INCENTIVES (BV1103) VAR 417 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 415 (BV1103) VAR 418 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 416 (BV1103) VAR 419 TIME PERIOD I, PURPOSIVE INCENTIVES (BV1104) VAR 420 TIME PERIOD II, PURPOSIVE INCENTIVES (BV1104) VAR 421 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 419 (BV1104) VAR 422 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 420 (BV1104) VAR 423 TIME PERIOD I, DOCTRINISM (BV1105) VAR 424 TIME PERIOD II, DOCTRINISM (BV1105) VAR 425 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 423 (BV1105) VAR 426 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 424 (BV1105) VAR 427 TIME PERIOD I, PERSONALISM (BV1106) VAR 428 TIME PERIOD II, PERSONALISM (BV1106) VAR 429 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 427 (BV1106) VAR 430 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 428 (BV1106) VAR 431 COUNTRY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER VAR 432 ICPSR COUNTRY CODE VAR 433 ICPSR VERSION NUMBER - 2 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 1 - DECK IDENTIFICATION NUMBER IS '01' DK 1 COL 1- 2 ---------------------------------- 0 VAR 0001 ICPSR STUDY # - 7534 NO MISSING DATA CODES REF 0001 LOC 1 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 3- 6 0 ICPSR STUDY NUMBER - 7534 ------------------------- ............................................................... 0 VAR 0433 ICPSR VERSION # - 2 NO MISSING DATA CODES REF 0433 LOC 876 WIDTH 1 DK 1 COL 7 0 ICPSR VERSION NUMBER - 2 ------------------------ THIS IS THE SECOND VERSION OF THE ICPPP DATA PRODUCED BY THE ICPSR. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0002 PARTY ID MD=-9 REF 0002 LOC 5 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 8-10 0 PARTY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER --------------------------- A UNIQUE THREE-DIGIT PARTY IDENTIFICATION CODE WAS ASSIGNED TO EACH ORGANIZATION EVALUATED IN THE PROJECT. THE FIRST NUMBER REFERS TO THE CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE PARTY OPERATES. THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS TOGETHER IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY ITSELF AND CORRESPOND TO THE COUNTRY IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS USED IN REF. NO. 431. THE THIRD HAS BEEN ARBITRARILY ASSIGNED TO SPECIFIC PAR- TIES WITHIN A COUNTRY. A COMPLETE LIST OF PARTY IDENTIFI- CATION CODES CAN BE FOUND IN THE APPENDIX. SEE NOTE(S) 2 0 1 2 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - 0 VAR 0003 REGION MD=-99 REF 0003 LOC 8 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 11-13 0 REGION ------ THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE PARTY IDENTIFICATION CODE REFERRING TO THE CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF THE PARTY'S COUNTRY. SEE NOTE(S) 1 22 000. ANGLO-AMERICAN 16 001. WESTERN EUROPE 22 002. SCANDINAVIA AND LOWLANDS 18 003. SOUTH AMERICA 17 004. CENTRAL AMERICA 16 005. ASIA AND THE FAR EAST 10 006. EASTERN EUROPE 14 007. NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST 13 008. WEST AFRICA 10 009. CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0004 YEAR OF ORIGIN/BV101 MD=-9 REF 0004 LOC 11 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 14-16 0 YEAR OF ORIGIN (BV101) ---------------------- THE YEAR OF ORIGIN REFERS TO THE YEAR IN WHICH THE ACTIV- ISTS ORGANIZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PURSUING THEIR GOAL RATHER THAN THE YEAR IN WHICH THE PARTY FIRST PRESENTED CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION--ALTHOUGH THE TWO MAY BE THE SAME. IT IS CODED BY THE LAST TWO DIGITS OF THE YEAR FOR PARTIES ORIGINATING AFTER 1900; E.G., IF "1925" THEN "25" IS THE VALUE. PARTIES ORIGINATING BEFORE 1900 ARE CODED WITH THE NEGATIVE VALUES OBTAINED BY DETERMINING HOW MANY YEARS BE- FORE 1900 THEY ORIGINATED; E.G., IF "1890" THEN "-10" IS THE VALUE. THE CODES RANGE FROM "-72", THE AMERICAN DEMO- CRATIC PARTY AND THE OLDEST PARTY IN THE STUDY; TO "61" THE KABAKA YEKKA OF UGANDA AND THE NEWEST. 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 3 - 0 VAR 0005 AC101 YEAR ORIG, REF004 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0005 LOC 14 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 17-18 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 004 (BV101) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 3 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 1 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 16 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 7 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 31 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 13 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 87 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0006 NAME CHANGES/BV102 MD=-9 REF 0006 LOC 16 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 19-20 0 NAME CHANGES (BV102) -------------------- A PARTY IS ASSIGNED A SCORE FOR THIS VARIABLE ACCORDING TO THE SUM OF ITS SCORES OBTAINED BY APPLICATION OF THE FOL- LOWING TABLE, WHICH INCORPORATES THE MAGNITUDE, FREQUENCY, AND RECENCY OF THE NAME CHANGES. MAGNITUDE IS DEFINED AS EITHER MINOR OR COMPLETE NAME CHANGES. A MINOR CHANGE IS ONE WHICH INVOLVES THE REPEAT OF ONE OR MORE TERMS IN BOTH THE PAST AND THE NEW NAME. A COMPLETE CHANGE REPEATS NO TERMS. FREQUENCY OF NAME CHANGES IS HANDLED IN A STRAIGHTFORWARD WAY AS THE COUNT OF THE MAJOR AND MINOR CHANGES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. FINALLY, RECENCY OF THE NAME CHANGE IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION FACTOR. THEREFORE, 1 4 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - THE PERIOD IN WHICH THE CHANGES WERE MADE IS A FACTOR. NO CHANGES ARE COUNTED WHICH OCCURRED BEFORE 1941. CHANGES BETWEEN 1941 AND 1949 ARE WEIGHTED LESS THAN THOSE OCCUR- RING BETWEEN 1950 AND 1956, AND THOSE BETWEEN 1957 AND 1962 ARE ASSIGNED THE GREATEST WEIGHT. THUS, A PARTY THAT CHANGED NAMES FROM "CATHOLIC" TO "CHRISTIAN DEMOCRAT" IN 1946 AND SWITCHED TO "DEMOCRAT" IN 1959 IS SCORED 2+7 AND CODED "9". THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE SCORE ON THIS VARIABLE IS 18, WHICH IS THE SUM OF THE VALUES IN THE LAST ROW OF THE TABLE. 0 1941-49 1950-56 1957-62 NO NAME CHANGES 0 0 0 ONE MINOR CHANGE 1 4 7 TWO MINOR OR ONE COMPLETE 2 5 8 MORE THAN ONE COMPLETE 3 6 9 CHANGE, INCLUDING ONE MINOR AND ONE COMPLETE MEAN=1.58 STD. DEV.=3.18 RANGE: 0 - 15 N=158 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0007 AC102 NAME CHAN, REF006 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0007 LOC 18 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 21-22 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 006 (BV102) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 2 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 3 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 6 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 10 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 15 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 11 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 11 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 5 - 0 VAR 0008 DISCONTINUITY/BV103 MD=-9 REF 0008 LOC 20 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 23-24 0 ORGANIZATIONAL DISCONTINUITY (BV103) ------------------------------------ A PARTY IS ASSIGNED A VALUE ACCORDING TO THE SUM OF ITS SCORES OBTAINED BY APPLICATION OF THE TABLE BELOW WHICH IN- CORPORATES THE TYPE OF CHANGE AND ITS RECENCY. TYPE IS DEFINED AS MINOR OR MAJOR CHANGE. A MINOR CHANGE IS A SPLIT OR MERGER THAT CAUSED A LOSS OR GAIN OF NO MORE THAN 25% OF THE PARTY'S ACTIVISTS--CALCULATED IN THE CASE OF A SPLIT ON THE NUMBER OF ACTIVISTS BEFORE THE SPLIT, OR IN THE CASE OF A MERGER ON THE NUMBER OF ACTIV- ISTS AFTER THE MERGER. A MAJOR CHANGE IS A SPLIT OR MER- GER THAT CAUSES A CHANGE IN PARTY ACTIVISTS GREATER THAN 25% BUT LESS THAN 50%. A PARTY SPLIT INVOLVING 50% OR MORE OF THE ACTIVISTS TERMINATES THE EXISTENCE OF THE PARTY, OR IN THE CASE OF A MERGER, BEGINS A NEW PARTY. RECENCY ACCOUNTS FOR THE TIME OF THE SPLIT, PURGE, OR MERGER. NO SPLITS OR MERGERS BEFORE 1941 ARE COUNTED. SPLITS OR MERGERS BETWEEN 1941 AND 1949 ARE WEIGHTED LESS THAN THOSE BETWEEN 1950 AND 1956, FOR THEIR IMPACT ON BE- HAVIOR WILL HAVE BEEN DULLED BY THEN. SIMILARLY, THOSE THAT OCCURRED BETWEEN 1957 AND 1962 ARE WEIGHTED THE MOST. A PARTY THAT HAD NO ORGANIZATIONAL DISCONTINUITY SINCE 1941 IS SCORED 0. ONE THAT TERMINATED IN THE TIME PERIOD BETWEEN 1941 AND 1962 IS AUTOMATICALLY SCORED 19 WHICH IS ONE POINT HIGHER THAN THE MAXIMUM OF 18 POINTS THAT MAY BE ASSIGNED BY SUMMING THE BOTTOM ROW OF THE TABLE. 0 1941-49 1950-56 1957-62 NO DISCONTINUITY 0 0 0 MINOR SPLIT OR MERGER 1 4 7 TWO MINOR SPLITS OR MERGERS; 2 5 8 OR ONE MAJOR EXPERIENCED MORE THAN ONE 3 6 9 MAJOR SPLIT OR MERGER; OR ONE MAJOR AND ONE MINOR MEAN=7.50 STD. DEV.=6.59 RANGE: 0 - 19 N=157 1 6 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - 0 VAR 0009 AC103 DISCONTIN, REF008 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0009 LOC 22 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 25-26 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 008 (BV103) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 1 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 8 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 2 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 18 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 21 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 18 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 25 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 65 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0010 LEADER COMPETITION/BV104 MD=-9 REF 0010 LOC 24 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 27-28 0 LEADERSHIP COMPETITION (BV104) ------------------------------ THIS VARIABLE SCORES LEADERSHIP CHANGE USUALLY BROUGHT ABOUT THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING: A) CRITICISM, CHALLENGE BY AN ASPIRANT FOR THE INCUMBENT'S POSITION, AND FORMAL MEETING OF PARTY MEMBERS ON THE ISSUE OF LEADERSHIP CHANGE; OR B) THE PRESCRIBED SUCCESSION OF LEADERSHIP UPON THE DEATH OR DISABILITY OF THE NATIONAL LEADER. THIS VARIABLE IS CODED ON A SCALE WHICH INCORPORATES LEADERSHIP IDENTIFICATION, CHANGE, AND DUE PROCESS OF CHANGE. IDENTIFICATION IS CODED ON THE BASIS OF LEGITI- MATE RATHER THAN EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP. THE "FACT OF CHANGE" IS JUDGED TO BE MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE FREQUENCY OF CHANGE, AND THE "RECENCY" OF CHANGE IS IS ALSO JUDGED MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE FREQUENCY. THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 7 - (CONTINUED) - RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 5 01. NATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF THE PARTY CAN- NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO ONE PERSON OR ANY SERIES OF PERSONS; THE LEADERSHIP OF THE PARTY IS IN DISPUTE. 41 02. THE LEADER OF THE PARTY HAS NOT CHANGED SINCE THE PARTY'S INCEPTION. 4 03. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONLY ONCE, BEFORE 1950, AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS OF INNER PARTY STRUGGLES. 5 04. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONCE BEFORE 1950, AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING LESS THAN 100 PARTY MEMBERS. 5 05. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONCE BEFORE 1950 AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED IN AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING 100 PARTY MEM- BERS OR MORE. 1 06. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES BEFORE 1950, AND MOST OF THE CHANGES OCCURRED THROUGH A COVERT PROCESS OF INNER POWER STRUGGLES. 4 07. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES BEFORE 1950, AND THE CHANGES OC- CURRED ABOUT EQUALLY THROUGH COVERT AND OVERT PROCESSES. 2 08. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES BEFORE 1950, AND MOST OF THE CHANGES OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING LESS THAN 100 PARTY MEMBERS. 3 09. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES BEFORE 1950, AND MOST OF THE CHANGES OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS IN- VOLVING 100 PARTY MEMBERS OR MORE. 13 10. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONLY ONCE SINCE 1950, AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED THROUGH A COVERT PROCESS OF INNER POWER STRUGGLES. 18 11. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONLY ONCE SINCE 1950, AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING LESS THAN 100 PARTY MEMBERS. 14 12. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED HANDS ONLY ONCE SINCE 1950, AND THE CHANGE OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING 100 PARTY MEMBERS OR MORE. 9 13. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES SINCE 1950 AND MOST OF THE CHANGES 1 8 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - OCCURRED THROUGH A COVERT PROCESS OF INNER POWER STRUGGLES. 11 14. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES SINCE 1950, AND THE CHANGES OCCURRED ABOUT EQUALLY THROUGH COVERT AND OVERT PROCESS. 3 15. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES SINCE 1950, AND THE CHANGES OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING LESS THAN 100 PARTY MEMBERS. 17 16. THE LEADERSHIP CHANGED TWO OR MORE TIMES SINCE 1950, AND MOST OF THE CHANGES OCCURRED THROUGH AN OVERT PROCESS INVOLVING 100 PARTY MEMBERS OR MORE. 3 -9. MISSING DATA 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0011 AC104 LEADER COM, REF010 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0011 LOC 26 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 29-30 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 010 (BV104) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 3 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 9 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 8 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 21 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 11 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 27 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 24 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 55 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 9 - 0 VAR 0012 LEGIS INSTABILITY/BV105 MD=900 REF 0012 LOC 28 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 31-34 IMP DEC= 2 0 LEGISLATIVE INSTABILITY (BV105) ------------------------------- THIS IS INTERPRETED IN TERMS OF THE STRENGTH OF THE PARTY'S REPRESENTATION DURING THE ENTIRE TIME SPAN STUDIED FOR THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE PARTY OPERATES. IT IS EXPRESSED BY THE COEFFICIENT OF RELATIVE VARIATION IN PERCENTAGE OF SEATS (X) HELD IN THE LOWER HOUSE OF THE LEGISLATURE, OVER THE NUMBER OF YEARS (N) IN THE TIME PERIOD FOR ITS COUNTRY, AS GIVEN IN THE FORMULA: LEGISLATIVE = COEFFICIENT OF = INSTABILITY RELATIVE VARIATION SUMMATION OF THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF (XI - MEAN OF X) --------------------- N ------------------------- MEAN OF X FOR I = 1,2,...,N 0 ACCORDING TO THE FORMULA, PARTIES THAT HELD 100% OF THE SEATS IN EVERY YEAR THROUGHOUT THE TIME SPAN, TYPICALLY RULING PARTIES THAT RESTRICTED THE OPERATION OF COMPETITIVE PARTIES AND MONOPOLIZED THE LEGISLATURE THROUGH FRAUDULENT OR SINGLE-SLATE ELECTIONS, ARE GIVEN A SCORE OF ZERO. MEAN=0.57 STD. DEV.=0.51 RANGE: 0.00 - 1.83 N=150 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0013 AC105 INSTABIL, REF012 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0013 LOC 32 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 35-36 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 012 (BV105) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT 1 10 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 0 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 3 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 16 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 18 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 34 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 46 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 33 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 8 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0014 ELECTORAL INSTABIL/BV106 MD=900 REF 0014 LOC 34 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 37-40 IMP DEC= 2 0 ELECTORAL INSTABILITY (BV106) ----------------------------- POLITICAL PARTIES INTERACT WITH THE CITIZENRY BY CON- TESTING ELECTIONS. THE STABILITY OF THESE INTERACTIONS SHOULD BE REFLECTED BY THE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE PERCENTAGES OF VOTES RECEIVED BY A PARTY OVER TIME. TWO DIFFERENT FORMULAS ARE USED TO COMPUTE ELECTORAL INSTABILITY. FOR PARTIES WHICH PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST ONE ELECTION, IT IS EXPRESSED BY THE COEFFICIENT OF RELA- TIVE VARIATION IN PERCENTAGE OF VOTES (YI) WON IN ELEC- TIONS FOR THE LOWER HOUSE OF EACH OF K ELECTIONS DURING THE TIME SPAN, AS GIVEN BY THE FORMULA: ELECTORAL = COEFFICIENT OF = INSTABILITY RELATIVE VARIATION SUMMATION OF THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF (YI - MEAN OF Y) --------------------- K ------------------------- MEAN OF Y FOR I = 1,2,...,K 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 11 - (CONTINUED) - IF THIS FORMULA WERE APPLIED TO PARTIES WHICH DID NOT CONTEST ANY ELECTIONS DURING THE TIME PERIOD, THE RESULTING INSTABILITY SCORE WOULD BE ZERO--FOR THERE WOULD BE NO VARIATION IN THE PARTIES' "VOTES" NOT RECEIVED. FOR THESE PARTIES, THEREFORE, AN ALTERNATIVE FORMULA IS USED: ELECTORAL = SUMMATION OF 1/I INSTABILITY FOR I = 1,2,...,K K AGAIN IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF ELECTIONS DURING THE PERIOD. THUS A PARTY WHICH MISSED ONLY ONE ELECTION HELD WOULD RECEIVE A SCORE OF 1; MISSING BOTH ELECTIONS WHEN TWO WERE HELD WOULD PRODUCE A SCORE OF 1.5; MISSING THREE OUT OF THREE WOULD PRODUCE A SCORE OF 1.83; AND SO FORTH. MEAN=0.60 STD. DEV.=0.61 RANGE: 1.0 - 2.08 N=140 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0015 AC106 ELEC INST, REF014 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0015 LOC 38 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 41-42 0 A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 014 (BV106) ---------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 THIS VARIABLE IS NOT CODED FOR THE TWO TIME PERIODS BUT RATHER IS CODED FOR THE ENTIRE 13 YEAR TIME SPAN. 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 23 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 11 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 13 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 12 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 14 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 19 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 48 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 0 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 18 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 1 12 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - 0 VAR 0016 # PAGES INDEXED/BV107 MD=-9 REF 0016 LOC 40 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 43-46 0 NUMBER OF PAGES INDEXED (BV107) ------------------------------- THE EXACT NUMBER OF PAGES IN THE INFORMATION BASE USED TO CODE THE PARTY. THIS IS A MEASURE OF THE ADEQUACY OF THE DATA BASE AND ALSO OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE PARTY. MEAN=391.90 STD. DEV.=408.31 RANGE: 10 - 2699 N=145 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0017 % PAGES INDEXED/BV108 MD=-9 REF 0017 LOC 44 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 47-48 0 PERCENTAGE OF PAGES INDEXED (BV108) ----------------------------------- THE PERCENTAGE IS OBTAINED BY DIVIDING THE NUMBER OF PAGES INDEXED BY THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THE FILE FOR THAT COUNTRY. WHEN SUMMED ACROSS ALL THE PARTIES IN A GIVEN COUNTRY, THE PERCENTAGES MAY TOTAL TO MORE THAN 100 BECAUSE MORE THAN ONE PARTY CAN BE DISCUSSED ON THE SAME PAGE. THE LITERATURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, UNITED KINGDOM AND CANADA WAS NOT ORGANIZED INTO FILES AND INDEXED IN THE SAME SYSTEMATIC FASHION AS THE LITERATURE FOR PARTIES IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES. THE PERCENT OF PAGES INDEXED IS REGARDED AS A MEASURE OF THE PARTY'S STATUS IN THE GOVERNMENT. MEAN=31.29 STD. DEV.=20.92 RANGE: 1 - 93 N=145 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0018 I GOVT DISCRIM/BV201 MD=-99 REF 0018 LOC 46 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 49-51 0 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENT DISCRIMINATION (BV201) ------------------------------------------------ SEE REF. NO. 19 BELOW FOR DESCRIPTION, CODES, AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 13 - 0 VAR 0019 II GOVT DISCRIM/BV201 MD=-99 REF 0019 LOC 49 WIDTH 3 DK 1 COL 52-54 0 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENT DISCRIMINATION (BV201) ------------------------------------------------- A GOVERNMENT CAN BE SAID TO DISCRIMINATE IN FAVOR OF OR AGAINST A PARTY BY PROMOTING OR OPPOSING ITS ACTIVITIES. PRESUMABLY, THESE DISCRIMINATORY ACTIVITIES WOULD CONFORM TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CUMULATIVE SCALING: THE MOST EXTREME DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES WOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY LESS EXTREME ONES. THIS ASSUMPTION OF CUMULATIVE SCALING IS TESTABLE, AND IT IS TESTED IN THIS OPERATIONALIZATION BY PROVIDING FOR A CUMULATIVE SCORING OF THE PARTY ON EACH OF SEVERAL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION. THE SCORING PROCEDURE USED IN OPERATIONALIZING THIS VARIABLE TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION, WHICH PROVIDES FOR ONE AND ONLY ONE WAY OF OBTAINING A GIVEN VALUE BY SUM- MING OTHER VALUES. A PARTY IS ASSIGNED THE SUM TOTAL OF WEIGHTS--TO A MAXIMUM OF +16-- ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF THESE DISCRIMINATORY ACTS THAT IT EXPERIENCES FROM THE GOVERNMENT. THE SIGNS ATTACHED TO THE WEIGHTS DENOTE THE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ACTS, AND THEY ARE PRESERVED IN SUM- MING AND SCORING THE PARTY. PROHIBITING CANDIDATES FROM BALLOTS; INVALIDATING ALL ITS VOTES; DECLARING THE PARTY ILLEGAL; JAILING ITS LEADERS..................-16 PROHIBITING PARTY OPERATION OF COMMU- NICATIONS MEDIA: NEWSPAPERS, RADIO, TV, MAILS.......-08 HARASSING OR THREATENING INTERFERENCE WITH PARTY MEETINGS, CAMPAIGNS, BUSINESS ACTIVITIES, EMPLOYMENT OF PARTY MEMBERS.............-04 DENYING ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT-OWNED MASS MEDIA OR IMPOSING CENSORSHIP ON PARTY USE OF MASS MEDIA, BUT NOT PREVENTING ITS USE...........-02 DISCRIMINATORY PROVISIONS OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM, INCLUDING BLATANT GERRYMANDERING, SEVERE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR APPEARING ON BALLOT, ALTERED PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELECTION OUTCOMES...................................-01 GOVERNMENT IS NEUTRAL OR INDIFFERENT TOWARDS THE PARTY; MAKES NO APPARENT AT- TEMPT EITHER TO INTERFERE WITH OR TO SUP- PORT THE PARTY. THIS CODE IS FAVORED IN THE ABSENCE OF STATEMENTS THAT INDICATE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE DISCRIMINATION, BUT APPLIED ONLY WHEN SUFFICIENT INFORMATION EXISTS ABOUT THE PARTY TO PRESUME THAT THE 1 14 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - AUTHORS FAILED TO MENTION GOVERNMENT DIS- CRIMINATION BECAUSE IT "WASN'T IMPORTANT". NOT USED WHEN THERE IS INSUFFICIENT INFOR- MATION IN THE FILE TO MAKE A JUDGEMENT..............000 DISCRIMINATORY PROVISIONS OF THE ELEC- TORAL SYSTEM FAVOR THE PARTY OVER OTHER GIVEN PARTIES.......................................001 GIVEN DISCRIMINATORY ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT OWNED MASS MEDIA; EXEMPTED FROM GOVERNMENT CENSORSHIP..........................................002 PROMOTES PARTY MEETINGS OR CAMPAIGNS BY PROVIDING FUNDS, ADVERTISING, FACILITIES.........004 PARTY OPERATED NEWSPAPER AND/OR RADIO TV STATION IS REGARDED AS AN AUTHORITATIVE GOVERNMENT VOICE....................................008 PARTY IS DECLARED THE ONLY LEGAL ONE; ESTABLISHMENT OF A ONE PARTY STATE; OPPOSITION PARTIES BANNED...........................016 PARTY DID NOT EXIST THIS PERIOD OR THERE IS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO CODE THIS VARIABLE......-99 ACCORDING TO THE ASSUMPTION OF CUMULATIVE SCALING, IT IS EXPECTED THAT ONLY THE SUMMATED SCORES OF 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, AND 16 WOULD BE ENCOUNTERED. ONLY THESE SCORES COULD BE REACHED IF THE MORE EXTREME FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION WERE ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY LESS EXTREME FORMS. WITH MORE THAN 10% OF THE SCORES IN EACH HALF DEPARTING FROM THE SCALE PATTERNS, THE ASSUMPTION OF CUMULATIVE SCALING IS UNTENABLE IN ITS PRISTINE FORM. IT SEEMS MORE USEFUL TO TREAT THE SCALE VALUES SIMPLY AS POINTS ALONG A CONTINUUM, WITH SEVERITY OF DISCRIMINATION BUILT-IN TO THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE POINTS. TIME PERIOD (THE FIRST COLUMN OF FREQUENCIES REFERS TO TIME I II PERIOD I, THE SECOND COLUMN TO TIME PERIOD II.) ------- 10 12 -16. PARTY ITSELF BANNED. 2 1 -15. PARTY PAPER BANNED, MEETINGS BLOCKED, MEDIA DISCRIMINATION, UNFAVORABLE ELECTORAL SYSTEM, BUT THE PARTY HAS NOT BEEN FORMALLY BANNED. 1 0 -11. . 1 1 -08. PARTY PAPER BANNED. 10 4 -07. . 2 3 -06. . 1 2 -05. . 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 15 - (CONTINUED) - 4 5 -04. MEETINGS BLOCKED. 1 5 -03. . 3 2 -02. MEDIA DISCRIMINATION. 6 7 -01. UNFAVORABLE ELECTORAL SYSTEM. 52 60 000. SYSTEM IS NEUTRAL. 21 12 001. FAVORABLE ELECTORAL SYSTEM. 1 0 002. MEDIA ACCESS ADVANTAGE. 2 3 003. . 0 0 004. MEETINGS PROMOTED. 3 2 005. . 3 4 006. . 2 4 007. . 0 1 008. PARTY PAPER OFFICIAL. 0 0 011. . 4 5 015. PARTY PAPER OFFICIAL, MEETINGS PROMOTED, MEDIA ACCESS ADVANTAGE, AND FAVORABLE ELECTORAL SYSTEM, BUT THE PARTY HAS NOT BEEN FORMALLY DECLARED THE ONLY LEGAL PARTY. 6 14 016. ONE PARTY STATE. 23 11 -99. PARTY DID NOT EXIST THIS PERIOD OR THERE IS INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO CODE THIS VARIABLE. 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0020 I AC201 GOV DIS, REF018 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0020 LOC 52 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 55-56 0 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 018 (BV201) ------------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 021 BELOW FOR THE CODES AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0021 II AC201 GOV DIS, REF019 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0021 LOC 54 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 57-58 0 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 019 (BV201) -------------------------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 TIME PERIOD (THE FIRST COLUMN OF FREQUENCIES REFERS TO TIME 1 16 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - I II PERIOD I, THE SECOND COLUMN TO TIME PERIOD II.) ------- 0 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 15 11 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 3 6 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 16 24 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 16 15 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 13 23 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 16 17 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 56 51 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 23 11 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0022 I GOVT LEADERSHIP/BV202 MD=-900 REF 0022 LOC 56 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 59-62 IMP DEC= 2 0 TIME PERIOD I, GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP (BV202) ---------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 23 BELOW FOR DESCRIPTION, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND RANGE OF THIS VARIABLE. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0023 II GOVT LEADERSHIP/BV202 MD=-900 REF 0023 LOC 60 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 63-66 IMP DEC= 2 0 TIME PERIOD II, GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP (BV202) ----------------------------------------------- THIS VARIABLE SCORES THE AMOUNT OF POWER ASSOCIATED WITH THE LEADERSHIP OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. A SPECIAL DISTINCTION IS MADE HERE BETWEEN CLAIMING THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL LEADER AND PARTICIPATING IN THE GOVERNMENT. IN PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS, "THE GOVERNMENT" IS USUALLY DEFINED IN A COLLECTIVE SENSE AS THE CABINET LEVEL MINIS- TERS. IN THIS VIEW, A PARTY CAN PARTICIPATE IN "THE GOVERNMENT" BY HOLDING ONE OR MORE MINISTRIES IN A COALI- TION WITH OTHER PARTIES. THIS ASPECT IS CODED UNDER REF. NO. 27, CABINET PARTICIPATION. GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP IS SCORED IN TERMS OF YEARS, WITH ANY AMOUNT LESS THAN A YEAR COUNTED AS A WHOLE YEAR. 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 17 - (CONTINUED) - THUS, THE MAXIMUM SCORE A PARTY CAN RECEIVE, GIVEN THE STANDARD 13 YEAR TIME SPAN (1950-1962) AND THE STANDARD DIVISION BETWEEN 1956 AND 1957 IS 7 FOR TIME PERIOD I AND 6 FOR TIME PERIOD II. BECAUSE THESE STANDARD DIVISIONS ARE UNEQUAL IN NUMBERS OF YEARS, AND ALSO BECAUSE THE HALVES ARE ADJUSTED TO ACCOUNT FOR COUNTRY PECULIARITIES, THE GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP SCORE HAS BEEN STANDARDIZED BY DIVIDING THE NUMBER OF YEARS THE PARTY IS CREDITED WITH HOLDING GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP BY THE NUMBER OF YEARS IN THAT TIME PERIOD FOR THE COUNTRY OF CONCERN. SEE NOTE(S) 1 MEAN STD. DEV. RANGE N TIME PERIOD I 0.29 0.41 0.0 - 1.0 135 TIME PERIOD II 0.32 0.42 0.0 - 1.0 147 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0024 I AC202 GOV LEA, REF022 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0024 LOC 64 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 67-68 0 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 022 (BV202) ------------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 025 BELOW FOR THE CODES AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0025 II AC202 GOV LEA, REF023 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0025 LOC 66 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 69-70 0 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 023 (BV202) -------------------------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 TIME PERIOD (THE FIRST COLUMN OF FREQUENCIES REFERS TO TIME I II PERIOD I, THE SECOND COLUMN TO TIME PERIOD II.) ------- 0 0 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 0 0 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 1 1 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 2 3 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 1 18 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - 2 3 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 1 0 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 6 5 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 123 135 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 23 11 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0026 I CABINET PARTICI/BV203 MD=-900 REF 0026 LOC 68 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 71-74 IMP DEC= 2 0 TIME PERIOD I, CABINET PARTICIPATION (BV203) -------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 27 BELOW FOR DESCRIPTION, MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND RANGE OF THIS VARIABLE. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0027 II CABINET PARTICI/BV203 MD=-900 REF 0027 LOC 72 WIDTH 4 DK 1 COL 75-78 IMP DEC= 2 0 TIME PERIOD II, CABINET PARTICIPATION (BV203) --------------------------------------------- THIS VARIABLE MEASURES THE PARTICIPATION IN THE CABINET IN ANY MINISTRY, BY PARTIES NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO TAKE A ROLE IN GOVERNMENTAL LEADERSHIP EXCEPT THROUGH COALITIONS. A PARTY IS CREDITED WITH CABINET PARTICIPATION IF ANY MEM- BER OF THE PARTY HOLDS A FRONT-LINE CABINET POSITION, INCLUDING THE PREMIERSHIP. AS IN REF. NO. 23 ABOVE, IT IS EXPRESSED AS A PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL YEARS THAT THE PARTY WAS REPRESENTED IN EACH TIME PERIOD. SEE NOTE(S) 1 MEAN STD. DEV. RANGE N TIME PERIOD I 0.49 0.42 0.0 - 1.0 135 TIME PERIOD II 0.52 0.43 0.0 - 1.0 146 0 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 19 - 0 VAR 0028 I AC203 CAB PAR, REF026 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0028 LOC 76 WIDTH 2 DK 1 COL 79-80 0 TIME PERIOD I, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 026 (BV203) ------------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 029 BELOW FOR THE CODES AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. DECK IDENTIFICATION NUMBER IS '02' DK 2 COL 1- 2 ---------------------------------- ............................................................... 0 VAR 0001 ICPSR STUDY # - 7534 NO MISSING DATA CODES REF 0001 LOC 1 WIDTH 4 DK 2 COL 3- 6 0 ICPSR STUDY NUMBER - 7534 ------------------------- ............................................................... 0 VAR 0433 ICPSR VERSION # - 2 NO MISSING DATA CODES REF 0433 LOC 876 WIDTH 1 DK 2 COL 7 0 ICPSR VERSION NUMBER - 2 ------------------------ THIS IS THE SECOND VERSION OF THE ICPPP DATA PRODUCED BY THE ICPSR. ............................................................... 0 VAR 0002 PARTY ID MD=-9 REF 0002 LOC 5 WIDTH 3 DK 2 COL 8-10 0 PARTY IDENTIFICATION NUMBER --------------------------- A UNIQUE THREE-DIGIT PARTY IDENTIFICATION CODE WAS ASSIGNED TO EACH ORGANIZATION EVALUATED IN THE PROJECT. THE FIRST NUMBER REFERS TO THE CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE PARTY OPERATES. THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS TOGETHER IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY ITSELF AND CORRESPOND TO THE COUNTRY IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS USED IN REF. NO. 431. THE THIRD HAS BEEN ARBITRARILY ASSIGNED TO SPECIFIC PAR- 1 20 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 - (CONTINUED) - TIES WITHIN A COUNTRY. A COMPLETE LIST OF PARTY IDENTIFI- CATION CODES CAN BE FOUND IN THE APPENDIX. SEE NOTE(S) 2 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0029 II AC203 CAB PAR, REF027 MD=0 OR LE -9 REF 0029 LOC 78 WIDTH 2 DK 2 COL 11-12 0 TIME PERIOD II, A/C SCORE FOR REF. NO. 027 (BV203) -------------------------------------------------- SEE NOTE(S) 3 TIME PERIOD (THE FIRST COLUMN OF FREQUENCIES REFERS TO TIME I II PERIOD I, THE SECOND COLUMN TO TIME PERIOD II.) ------- 0 1 01. INADEQUATE: NO DATA 0 0 02. INADEQUATE: DISAGREEMENT 5 1 03. BARELY ADEQUATE: LOWEST CONFIDENCE 2 6 04. ADEQUATE: LOW CONFIDENCE 7 10 05. ADEQUATE: LOW TO MEDIUM 12 10 06. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM CONFIDENCE 3 4 07. ADEQUATE: MEDIUM TO HIGH 9 12 08. ADEQUATE: HIGH CONFIDENCE 97 103 09. ADEQUATE: HIGHEST CONFIDENCE 23 11 -9. NONEXISTENT OR UNCODED 0 0 00. INAPPLICABLE 0 ............................................................... 0 VAR 0030 I NAT PARTICIPATN/BV204 MD=9 REF 0030 LOC 80 WIDTH 2 DK 2 COL 13-14 0 TIME PERIOD I, NATIONAL PARTICIPATION (BV204) --------------------------------------------- SEE REF. NO. 31 BELOW FOR DESCRIPTION, CODES, AND FREQUENCIES OF THIS VARIABLE. 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES DATA, 1950-1962 21 - 0 VAR 0031 II NAT PARTICIPATN/BV204 MD=9 REF 0031 LOC 82 WIDTH 2 DK 2 COL 15-16 0 TIME PERIOD II, NATIONAL PARTICIPATION (BV204) ---------------------------------------------- PARTIES ARE OFTEN LOOSELY CHARACTERIZED AS SOLELY "REGIONAL" OR TRULY "NATIONAL" IN OPERATION. THE PARTY IS GRANTED NATIONAL ORIENTATION IF IT PARTICIPATES IN NATIONAL LEVEL POLITICS, AND WEIGHT IS ALSO GIVEN TO THE SUCCESS OF ITS PARTICIPATION AND TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF ITS SUPPORT AMONG THE MAJOR GOVERNMENT SUBDIVISIONS. NATIONAL PARTICI- PATION WAS CODED IN TWO STEPS. INITIALLY EACH PARTY WAS EVALUATED ACCORDING TO THE CODE DEFINITIONS OUTLINED BELOW. WHEN THE CODER WAS IN DOUBT AS TO WHICH OF THE SCORES 4-6 TO ASSIGN TO A PARTY AND THE APPROPRIATE DATA WAS AVAILABLE, S/HE COMPUTED D, THE MEAN DEVIATION OF THE REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARTY SUPPORT FROM THE REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, RELYING UPON THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSION-- 0 SUMMATION OF THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF (XI - PI) D = -------------------- N FOR I = 1,2,...,N WHERE: N = THE NUMBER OF REGIONS XI = THE PROPORTION OF THE PARTY'S NATIONAL SUPPORT WHICH DERIVES FROM REGION I PI = THE PROPORTION OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION WHICH RESIDES IN REGION I AFTER COMPUTING D, THE CODER USED THE VALUE OF D TO CODE THE PARTY ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING SCALE: D >OR= 10.1 ................4 5.1