Appendix 2. Seventeen Examples of Dot Patterns on Wing Margins

In some cases a wing margin dot pattern might deter a predator by resembling a larva it considers unpalatable, chemi- cally protected or capable of shedding irritating hairs. In others, the pattern might attract a predator that does not associate the pattern with a warning.

  
  This material is from Wheye and Ehrlich, News of the Lepidopterists' Society, Winter, 2015, Vol. 57(4) pp. 192-193. It is presented here so you can click on the photos of the adults (and the Battus philenor larva) for larger images.  
Danaus plexippus plexippus
(Monarch) ♀

© 2011 Andrew D. Warren

 Wing with larval overlay
outline in margin  outline
This example is from our text. The resemblance is not with a Monarch larva, but with a Battus philenor (Pipevine Swallowtail) larva.

Note the double dotted pattern is seen on both fore- and hindwings.

The larva was isolated from the background in the photograph (right) and modified to show the resemblance with the wing margin pattern (left).
© 2008 Wanda Smith		  
 
 
 
Papilionidae
Pieridae  
 
♀
 Papilio victorinus victorinus
(Victorine Swallowtail)
© 2008 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren
♀

Catasticta nimbice nimbice

 
© 2010 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren		  
 
Nymphalidae
 
 
♂
 Danaus eresimus Montezuma
(Soldier)
© 2011 Andrew D. Warren
♂
 Danaus gilippus thersippus
(Queen)
© 2009 Jim P. Brock		  
 
♂
 Lycorea halia atergatis
(Tiger Mimic-Queen)
© 2011 Andrew D. Warren
♂
 Olyras theon
(Rusty Tigerwing)
© 2009 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren		  
 
♀
 Scada zibia xanthina
(Zibia Tigerwing)
© 2009 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren
♀
 Mechanitis lysimnia labotas
(Lysimnia Tigerwing)
© 2011 Nick V. Grishin		  
 
Godyris zavaleta caesiopicta
(Variegated Clearwing)
© 2009 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren
Dryadula phaetusa
(Banded Longwing)
© 2009 Jim P. Brock		  
 
♂
 Eueides procula asidia
(Darkened Longwing)
© 2009 David Robacker
Eueides tales pythagoras
© 2011 Kim Garwood Specimen courtesy of Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil (UFPR)		  
 
♀
 Speyeria idalia occidentalis
(Regal Frittilary)
© 2011 Andrew D. Warren
♂
 Limenitis archippus watsoni
(Viceroy)
© 2008 Jim P. Brock		  
 
♂
 Hamadryas amphinome mazai
(Red Cracker)
© 2008 Jim P. Brock
♀
 Eresia ithomioides poecilina
(Variable Crescent)
© 2010 Kim Davis, Mike Stangeland and Andrew Warren