                "Welcome to Africa"
                -------------------

This booklet contains information about the following topics:

                    Installation
                    Looking at the pictures
                    Playing the game
                    Writing your own book
                    Printing a picture
                    Installation Problems
                    Troubleshooting
                    Donating Pictures
                    Comments and Inquiries
                    Copyright
                    Credits

Assumed Familiarity with Windows
--------------------------------
"Welcome to Africa" assumes that you have a minimal understanding of Windows
commands, i.e., that you know how to click and double-click and how
to drag objects with the mouse. 

Familiarity with DOS file naming conventions
may occasionally come useful. Remember that DOS file names cannot be more
than 8 characters long plus a 3 character extension, and that several special
characters are not allowed. For instance, YAMOU01.AFR is a valid file name,
YAM*, YAMOUSSOU.O, and YM.OUEDRAOGO are not. The full path of a file includes
the drive letter and the full directory tree that contains the file. Say the file
YAMOU01.AFR is on drive C, in directory AFRICA, and subdirectory GAME, then its
full path is denoted C:\AFRICA\GAME\YAMOU01.AFR.

To put graphical objects into the clipboard in order to paste them into your 
own book, you must be familiar with Windows applications that manipulate such objects. 
For raster files, for instance, Windows comes with its own paint program, Paintbrush, 
that allows you to load, paste, modify, crop, and copy to the clipboard any digitized 
picture or paint art. Many other Windows applications can be used in conjunction
with "Welcome to Africa" to create your own, unique book.

Installation:
-------------
You can install "Welcome to Africa" in two ways: You may type

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\install

at the DOS prompt; or you may click on "File" then "Run" in
Program Manager and type

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\install

Here, <CD ROM drive letter> stands for the letter that identifies
your CD ROM drive to your computer. That letter may be any letter
between A and Z. If you do not know what is the letter of your
CD ROM drive, double-click on "File Manager" in Windows and
you will see a list of the drives on your computer. One of them
is your CD ROM drive. Double-click on each of the letters in
File Manager. The one that lights up the little light on your
CD ROM drive is the letter you want.

As "Welcome to Africa" reminds you on its second screen, 
text will be truncated or misaligned if you have selected
a 'large font' display driver. To eliminate the problem, switch
to a 'small font' display driver. If you do not know how to
do this, read the first heading under 'Troubleshooting' below.

Looking at the Pictures
-----------------------
Once "Welcome to Africa" is successfully installed, you are 
ready to enjoy watching the pictures. Double-click on the icon
representing Africa. This opens a book. You will first see
four pictures and the title of the book. To go to the next page,
click on the right arrow. This will take you to a short description
of the commands that you need to navigate through "Welcome to Africa".
To make things easier for you, I also have copied this description below.

You can explore "Welcome to Africa" in two ways: by theme or by keyword. 
I have organized all the pictures according to broadly defined themes. 
To visit any of these themes, click on the 'Go to the main menu' button 
to go to the thematic menu. Clicking on any of the themes on the menu 
takes you to the first page of a book. You can then read the book at
your leisure by clicking on the right and left arrows. 

The choice and organization of themes reflect my particular interests and 
the purpose for which this presentation was initially developed -- 
to teach an undergraduate course on economic development in Africa at 
Stanford. Your interests, however, may differ from mine. You may, 
for instance, wish to look at all the pictures pertaining to a 
particular topic. Or you may want to go directly to a picture
you liked. To make your job easier, I have defined 200 keywords 
and associated them with the pages and pictures of my presentation. 
To look for a particular topic or keyword, click on the '?' button and 
choose "List keywords". This takes you to a menu of topics. 
Click on the general topic you are interested in. A window appears 
with a list of keywords arranged alphabetically. You can scroll 
the list up or down. Click on a keyword, and the computer displays 
a page of a book that has to do with that topic. To see another page, 
possibly in another book, click on the 'Redo the last search' button 
or the "tab" key. And so on. The resulting pictures, however, are 
arranged in no particular order. If you want a more structured 
presentation, use the thematic menu.

You may also search for a word or phrase that is not in the list 
I have prepared. Click on ?, choose "Type myself" and enter your 
own word of phrase. The computer will then look in all the fields 
and captions of all books and find all the occurences of the 
word or phrase you have entered. To do so, however, the computer 
has to read all the books.  As a result, the search may take time. 
Searching by keyword is much faster. If you wish to retrace your 
steps and go back to a page you just saw, click on the 'Retrace your steps' 
button. "Welcome to Africa" remembers up to 10 previous pages. 
You may exit at any time by clicking on 'Exit'.

Playing the game
----------------
The game is a stylized yet sophisticated portrayal of the livelihood
of an average African farmer. You will have to make decisions that
affect the survival of your family and yourself. The environment
you face is uncertain. Accumulating assets in the form of
livestock is your main passport to survival and relative prosperity.
Building up a group of grateful friends and relatives may enable 
to count on others for help in difficult times. 

The game also has a detailed, self-contained information section that
describes the area Yamoussou lives in and gives you numerous pointers.
You do not need to read the information section in order to play. 
But if you want to play well, you probably will want to read
at least part of it carefully.

To begin the game, go to the main "Welcome to Africa" thematic menu
and click on "Play the African farmer game". You may end the game
and return to the main menu at any time. You can also save your
game and come back to it later.

The game has lots of different screens, many of which with several options.
It would be tedious to even attempt to describe them all.
On every page there is a 'Help' button. Click on it if you
do not understand what you are supposed to do. You will rapidly notice
that when you place your mouse cursor on a button at the bottom
of the page, a short text is displayed on the left bottom screen
that explains in a nutshell what that button does. Try out
each button and see what happens. Good luck.

Writing your own book
---------------------
"Welcome to Africa" enables you to write your own book. Double-click on
the "Your own Africa book" icon. This opens a book called YOURBOOK.TBK
that resides on the CD ROM. You can make all kinds of changes to this
book: add pictures, create new pages, enter your own captions, paste any
graphical object via the clipboard, etc. You can then save your work
under a different name and show it to your students, your teacher,
or simply your friends. (Attempting to save your work under the original 
file name will result in an error since you cannot write on a CD ROM.)

The most important commands you need are buttons at the bottom of the book.
Put the mouse pointer over them to know what they do. Other commands
you need to know are:

 <Control-Insert> Puts a picture from "Welcome to Africa" into the 
                  Windows clipboard. This is the first step you have
                  to take if you wish to use one of "Welcome to Africa"'s
                  pictures in your book.
 <Shift-Insert>   Pastes the content of the Windows clipboard into
                  your book. This can be a picture you copied from
                  "Welcome to Africa" or any graphical object
                  (raster or vector) that you put into the Windows
                  clipboard. For example, you can paste clipart, 
                  drawings you made with a paint program, pictures you
                  scanned yourself, etc.
 <Control-Delete> Deletes the last graphical object you entered on the page.
                  Pressing <Control-Delete> several times deletes all
                  the objects on the page one by one, from the most
                  recent to the most ancient.
 <Control-Shift-Delete> Clears the entire page and its content. You
                  cannot clear the page if the book has only one page left.
 <Control-C>      Allows you to type your own caption to appear at
                  the top of the book.
 <Control-M>      Displays a more complete menu of options.
 <Control-Shift-M> Hides the more complete menu of options.

You are most welcome to share your book with us, if you wish.
Send a copy on diskette or on QIC 80 compliant tape to:

              Walnut Creek CD ROM
              1547 Palo Verdes Mall, Suite 260
              Walnut Creek, CA 94596

Do not forget to write down your name and address.
Bear in mind, however, that we will not be able to return your 
diskette or tape.

Printing a Picture
------------------
Go to the page where the picture you want to print is located.
Copy the picture into the clipboard by pressing <Control-Insert>
(that is, pressing the <Control> or <Crtl> key together with
the <Insert> key). Open Paintbrush or any of your favorite paint 
programs. Paste the picture into the paint program. Make any changes
you like. Print the result using the <Print> command of the paint program.

You can also print not just the image but a complete page with
captions and all. First go to the desired page. Press the <Print Screen>
key on your keyboard. This puts a copy of the whole screen into
the clipboard. Then open Paintbrush or any of your favorite paint
programs and paste the clipboard into a new picture. You may clip
the resulting image to suit your need before printing it.

Remember that, to print a color picture, you need a color printer.
Black and white laser printers do a reasonable job at printing color pictures
in shades of grey, but the printing can be time consuming.

Installation Problems:
----------------------

Sitation 1
----------
The installation program INSTALL.EXE is known to cause 
Windows to crash in the presence of certain TSRs (Terminate and
Stay Resident programs -- usually loaded at boot up), in particular
certain network TSRs. You may get rid of the problem by removing 
these TSRs from the CONFIG.SYS or the AUTOEXEC.BAT files, rebooting 
your computer, and running install again. Once "Welcome to Africa" 
is installed the presence of the TSRs will not affect how it runs. 
You may thus restore your initial CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
once the installation is complete and reboot again. If you are unsure
about modifying your AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS files, seek advice
or follow the simple instructions under "Situation 2".

Situation 2
-----------
If removing TSRs does not get rid of the problem, or if the
difficulty in installing "Welcome to Africa" is of another nature,
you can easily install "Welcome to Africa" manually. This is what you
should do:

- Copy the files AFRICA.ICO and AFRICA2.ICO from the CD ROM onto your
  Windows main directory (usually, C:\WINDOWS).

- Copy the file AFRICA.TTF from the CD ROM onto your Windows system
  directory (usually, C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM).

- Add the font AFRICA.TTF to Windows. To do this, double-click on the
  "Control Panel" icon, usually in the Main Group of Program Manager.
  Then double-click on "Fonts". Then click on "Add". Choose the drive with
  your Windows system directory under "Drive". Then choose your Windows 
  system directory under "Directory". You will see a list of possible fonts.
  There may be quite a few of them, but they all appear in alphabetical
  order. Click on the font name "Southern (TrueType)". This returns you
  to the previous window you saw. There, click on "Cancel". This takes
  you back to the main "Control Panel" menu. Double-click on the upper-
  left square of that window to make it disappear.

- Add a few lines to the WIN.INI file as follows. Doubleclick on the
  "Notepad" program. Open the file "Win.ini" that resides in your
  Windows directory. First save your current WIN.INI file under another
  name, say WIN.OLD. Then search for the [Toolbook] heading. If it is absent,
  create one simply by typing 

        [Toolbook] 

  at the beginning of a line. Then make sure that under the 
  [Toolbook] heading there is a line that reads 

        startupSysBooks=tbkmm.sbk

  If such a line is not there, type it in. After this line, add another one
  that reads

        windowsDirectory=<Your Windows Directory>

  where you replace <Your Windows Directory> with the full path of your 
  Windows directory. For instance, if your Windows program files reside in a
  directory C:\WINDOWS, then the above line should read

	windowsDirectory=C:\WINDOWS

  When you are finished, save your changes to WIN.INI. Do not make other
  changes to WIN.INI: this may reduce the performance of Windows on your 
  machine.
  
- If you made changes to WIN.INI, restart Windows. If, by chance, you had 
  problems restarting Windows, reboot your machine without starting Windows, 
  go into your Windows directory, and replace WIN.INI with the old WIN.INI 
  file that you saved -- i.e. rename WIN.OLD, say, as WIN.INI.

- Create a Program group for "Welcome to Africa". To do this, in
  Program Manager, click on "File" then on "New". Choose "Program Group".
  Type in the name "Welcome to Africa" at the prompt.
  
- Create an icon for the main "Welcome to Africa" program. While the
  "Welcome to Africa" program group is highlighted, click on "File"
  then "New". Choose "Program Item". In the "Name" field, type 
  "Welcome to Africa". In the program field, type 

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\tbook.exe <CD ROM drive letter>:\images\intro.tbk

  where you replace <CD ROM drive letter> by the letter that identifies your 
  CD ROM drive. For instance, if your CD ROM drive is D, then you must type

   D:\tbook.exe D:\images\intro.tbk

  In the directory field, type

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\

  Click on "Change icon" then on "Browse". Choose AFRICA.ICO in your
  Windows main directory to be the icon. Then confirm your choices.
  (You'll have to do this three times.) Answer "Yes" to the warning
  that the program may not always be available since it is not on
  the hard disk.

- Create an icon for the "Your own Africa book" program. While the
  "Welcome to Africa" program group is highlighted, click on "File"
  then "New". Choose "Program Item". In the "Name" field, type 
  "Your own Africa book". In the program field, type 

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\tbook.exe <CD ROM drive letter>:\yourbook.tbk

  In the directory field, type

   <CD ROM drive letter>:\

  Click on "Change icon" then on "Browse". Choose AFRICA2.ICO in your
  Windows main directory to be the icon. Then confirm your choices.
  (You'll have to do this three times.) Answer "Yes" to the warning
  that the program may not always be available since it is not on
  the hard disk.

- Create an icon for the "Read Me First" program. While the
  "Welcome to Africa" program group is highlighted, click on "File"
  then "New". Choose "Program Item". In the "Name" field, type 
  "Your own Africa book". In the program field, type 

   <Windows Main directory>\notepad.exe <CD ROM drive letter>:\readme.txt

  Then confirm your choices. (You'll have to do this twice.) Answer 
  "Yes" to the warning that the program may not always be available 
  since it is not on the hard disk.

Troubleshooting
---------------

Situation 1: The text is misaligned or gets truncated
------------
This will occur if you have chosen the 'large font' option for
your Windows display. To correct this problem, go into 'Windows Setup'.
Click on 'Options', then on 'Change System Settings', then on the down 
arrow to the left of the display line. You will see a choice of display
settings. Choose one that allows at least 256 colors (preferably more, 
e.g., 32K or 16M) but also says 'small fonts'.

If this does not solve your problem, the font 'africa.ttf' that comes
with 'Welcome to Africa' is probably not properly installed. Refer to the
installation section, situation 2, above for instructions on how to
install the font manually.

NB: If you computer crashes trying to use an inappropriate driver, 
do not worry. Do a hard reboot (i.e. switch your computer off 
then back on), go into the Windows directory BEFORE starting 
Windows, type SETUP, and reset the display to VGA (or whatever
display driver you were originally using). This will get Windows 
working again. You can then try another driver.

Situation 2: The quality of the displayed images is bad
------------
"Welcome to Africa" requires that your computer be able
to display at least 256 colors at a time. To display 256 
colors or more you need three things: 

-  1/ a color monitor
-  2/ a graphics adapter, also called a graphics card or display adapter
-  3/ a Windows display driver 

Color monitor:
If you have a monochrome monitor, you are out of luck: by definition
it won't be able to display more than a range of grey scales.
If you have a regular color monitor, there should be no problem:
all color monitors can display as many colors as you need. The only
possible exceptions are portable computers with a color screen.
Some of these computers can only display 16 colors at a time.
If you are unsure as to how many colors you monitor can display, 
check with the manufacturer.

Graphics card: 
The graphics card or display adapter is a piece of hardware that
plugs into one of the slots inside your machine. You then connect
your screen to it. These days, most graphics cards available on the 
market can display much more than 256 colors. Many can display 
as many as 16 million colors (called True color); some can display 
16,000, 32,000, or 64,000 colors (called High color). The number 
of colors that a graphics card can display at a time is function
of its memory. Older cards can sometimes be upgraded to display
more colors by adding a memory chip. At home, for instance, I 
upgraded my graphics card by buying a $20 chip. I have seen
High color cards in computer shops for as little as $70.

Screen resolutions higher than regular VGA (640x480
pixels), such as Super VGA (800x600 pixels), High Resolution 
(1024x768 pixels) or higher, require more memory than lower
resolutions. As a result, there is usually a trade-off between
resolution (the number of pixels the computer displays at at time)
and color depth (the number of different colors 
the computer can display at any one time). Many graphics cards
offer you a choice of resolutions and color depths. To get best
results with "Welcome to Africa", choose a combination that
can display in High color (16,000, 32,000, or 64,000 colors) or 
True color (16 million colors).

Windows display driver:
A display driver is a little piece of software that tells your
computer how to organize the display data before sending it to 
the graphics card. Different cards require different drivers.
Different drivers are also needed for each combination of
resolution and color depth. 

The beauty of Windows is that you only need to worry about
finding a display driver for Windows in general. It will then
work for all your Windows applications including "Welcome to
Africa". Microsoft Windows 3.1 comes with a standard VGA 
driver that displays 16 colors at a resolution 
of 640x480 pixels. That driver sends instructions that are 
understood by all VGA graphics cards, which currently constitute 
most of the market. The standard VGA driver, however, is not good 
enough for "Welcome to Africa". If "Welcome to Africa" does not display
well on your computer even though you are confident that you have
the appropriate display and graphics card, check which display driver 
Windows is set up to use. To do so, click on "Windows Setup" then 
on "Options" then on "Change System Settings" then on "Display". 
If Windows says you are currently using the "VGA" driver, 
you need to change it. Graphic cards typically come with a 
sleuth of drivers that you install after you have put the card 
into your computer. Go to the documentation on your graphics card 
and find out how to install other drivers. This will typically
require that you copy a few files on your computer and that
you run the "Windows Setup" command. You may also be able to
find Windows drivers for your card on bulletin boards.
Contact your computer or graphics card manufacturer for more 
information.

NB: If you computer crashes trying to use an inappropriate driver, 
do not worry. Do a hard reboot (i.e. switch your computer off 
then back on), go into the Windows directory BEFORE starting 
Windows, type SETUP, and reset the display to VGA (or whatever
display driver you were originally using). This will get Windows 
working again. You can then try another driver.

Situation 3: The image quality is OK but colors become funny
------------ when I go from one image to another.

If the displayed colors change abruptly before going to another
image, there is nothing wrong with your computer. You are 
probably using a 256 color display setup. With this configuration,
the computer adjusts the palette (or choice of 256 colors) to
each image for better display quality. The adjustment takes a 
bit of time. As the computer goes from one palette to another, 
the colors of the old image change for a short moment 
before the new image is displayed. There is nothing to be 
worried about. Initially I tried to eliminate this problem by
choosing the same palette of 256 colors for all images. But this
significantly deteriorated the quality of the displayed 
images. I therefore opted for palettes adapted to each image.

You can get rid of the disaggreeable effect by increasing the
color depth of your display, that is, by going to High
color (16,000 or 32,000 colors) or True color (16 million colors)
See the comments under "Situation 2" if you do not know
how to adjust the display on your computer.

Situation 4: You want to run "Welcome to Africa" on a network
------------
If you have a network, you know more about networks than I do.
I have no idea how to put "Welcome to Africa" on a network,
but I am sure it can be done. For more information you should
contact Asymmetrix (1-800-448-6543). They make Toolbook, the 
authoring software that I used to write "Welcome to Africa", 
and the software that you are using to run it as well. 
"Welcome to Africa" comes with a TBKNET.DLL file that may come 
of use somewhere in the process.

Donating Pictures
-----------------
You are most welcome to donate pictures to "Welcome to Africa"
for possible incorporation into further updates of the product.
You may do so in several ways. You may donate the picture as
a slide or as a print. Your may also donate a digitized picture
(preferably in high resolution, True Color, .tif or .bmp format) 
by sending us a diskette or a QIC 80 compliant tape. We can also
read Kodak discs. If you have access to e-mail, you may also 
uuencode the picture and e-mail it to us at kelly@cdrom.com. 
Our mail addresses is given above.

When you send the picture, be sure to do three things:
   1/ write your name and address 
   2/ write a short description of the time, place, and special
      circumstances (if any) during which the picture was taken
   3/ write a short note stating that you donate the picture, i.e.
      something like "I donate the enclosed ___ picture(s) to
      Marcel Fafchamps for possible incorporation into further
      updates and extensions of Welcome to Africa."

If your picture is used in further updates or extensions, I shall
mention your name as contributor to "Welcome to Africa". If, however, 
you do not wish your name to be mentioned, write "I do not wish my name
to be mentioned." in your accompanying letter. We shall not 
collect royalties on donated pictures. Your help is very 
much appreciated.

Comments and Inquiries
----------------------
We appreciate your comments and suggestions. You may also contact
us if you experience difficulties with the product that are not
covered here. Address all comments and inquiries to:

              "Welcome to Africa"
              Walnut Creek CD ROM
              1547 Palo Verdes Mall, Suite 260
              Walnut Creek, CA 94596

You may also send e-mail to kelly@cdrom.com. Thanks.

Copyright
---------
The author retains full copyright of "Welcome to Africa" and
its components, as well as of all the pictures contained in it.
Copyright for Toolbook belongs to Asymmetrix. Copyright for 
Instalit belongs to Helpful Programs, Inc. Neither of these
products can be distributed by buyers of "Welcome to Africa".

Buyers are welcome to use "Welcome to Africa" for all kinds
of non-paying educational purposes. They may write their own books
and distribute them to students, use them in class, print pictures
on fliers distributed in class, etc. They are also welcome
to use "Welcome to Africa" for non-paying entertainment purposes,
e.g., at home with their family and friends.

Buyers are not allowed to post part or whole of "Welcome to Africa" 
and the pictures it contains on bulletin boards. They are not 
allowed to make "Welcome to Africa" available beyond the confines 
of their organization (school, library, college, university), 
either through user networks, the Internet, the World Wide Web,
or any other electronic or non-electronic way.

Buyers are not allowed to incorporate "Welcome to Africa", 
any of its parts, or any of its pictures into their
own product for sale or for commercial distribution in any other way
(e.g., on a network) without obtaining prior permission from the author. 
Course instructors, however, are welcome to incorporate a small 
portion of the pictures from "Welcome to Africa" (not more than 5 percent)
in their own book or reader for limited commercial distribution 
to their own students. This does not cover courses by correspondence. 
Educational discounts are available from the publisher.

Developers of multimedia titles are encouraged to use images 
from "Welcome to Africa" in the development of commercial products 
provided they pay royalties to the author. We have a very reasonable
royalty structure. You may enquire about it by calling Walnut Creek 
CD ROM at 800-786-9907 or sending e-mail to kelly@cdrom.com.

Credits
-------
Marcel Fafchamps (myself) took most of the pictures and did virtually all the
programming. Other pictures come from Stanford students and from Clifford
Gold. Michael Delaney, Sarah Gavian and Omar helped with digitizing
the pictures. Daniel Brainard coded part of the game. 
An early version of "Welcome to Africa" was supported by a grant from
the Ford foundation. Thanks to Debbie Zimmerman and Jane Marcus for
encouragement and advice, and to Stanford students in my class on
Economic Development in Africa for feedback and suggestions.
