Richard Fikes

Professor (Research) Emeritus, Computer Science Department
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Stanford University

Summary

Richard Fikes has a long and distinguished record as an innovative leader in the development of techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems.  He is best known as co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format), the Ontolingua ontology representation language and Web-based ontology development environment, the OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity) API for knowledge servers, and IntelliCorp's KEE system.  At Stanford, he led projects focused on developing large-scale distributed repositories of computer-interpretable knowledge, collaborative development of multi-use ontologies, enabling technology for the Semantic Web, reasoning methods applicable to large-scale knowledge bases, and knowledge-based technology for intelligence analysts.  He was principal investigator of major projects for multiple Federal Government agencies including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Intelligence Community’s Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA).

Academic History

Colleges and universities attended, degrees received, and dates:

 

Ph.D.   Computer Science     Carnegie-Mellon University          1968

M.A.    Mathematics              University of Texas at Austin        1965

B.A.     Mathematics              University of Texas at Austin        1963

Employment History

Academic

July 2006 – present                              Professor (Research) Emeritus, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

June 1991 – June 2006                         Professor (Research), Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

January 1999 – June 2006                    Director, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

July 1991 - January 1999                     Co-Scientific Director, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

March 1991 to July 1991                     Associate Director, Heuristic Programming Project, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

March 1991 - May 1991                      Consulting Professor, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

1982                                                    Visiting Professor, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

1970 – 1971                                        Visiting Professor, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

September 1968 - September 1969      Research Associate, Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA

Non Academic

September 1990 to February 1991       Chief Scientist, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Menlo Park, CA

June 1989 to August 1990                    Director, Knowledge-Based Systems Program, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Menlo Park, CA 

November 1987 to May 1989              Principal Scientist, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre, Menlo Park, CA

April 1986 to October 31, 1987           Vice President of Research, IntelliCorp Inc., Mountain View, CA

November 1983 to April 1986             Director of Research and Development, IntelliCorp Inc., Mountain View, CA

November 1976 to November 1983     Member of Research Staff, Computer Science Laboratory (1976-79), System Sciences Laboratory (1979-80), Cognitive and Instructional Sciences Group (1980-83), Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

September 1969 to November 1976    Senior Mathematician, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA

Professional Service

Stanford Committees

Awards, 2001-2006

MS program and admissions committee, 2000-2006

Gates Building Space Czar, 1999-2006

Ph.D. Program Committee, 1996-1999

Gates Building Committee, 1993-1995, 1999

Ph.D. Admissions Committee, 1992-1995, 1999

Web Site Committee, 1997-1998

SST Faculty Search Committee, 1997-1998

Research Administration Advisory Group (RAAG), 1997-1998

AI Ph.D. qualifying exam committee, 1997

Computer Forum symposium program committee, 1993-1994

Proposal Review Committee, Stanford Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE), 1991-93.

Editorships

Member, Editorial Board of International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting Finance & Management, 1992-present

Referee for Artificial Intelligence Journal, IEEE Expert, and Journal of Automated Reasoning, 1988-2006

Member, Editorial Board of AAAI Press, 1989

Member, Editorial Board of Decision Support Systems Journal, 1984

Newsletter Editor, SIGART, 1972-1974

Conference, workshop and professional society participation

Co-Chairman, Ontologies for the Semantic Web workshop, AAAI 2002 National Conference, 2002.

Organizing Committee, AAAI Spring Symposium on “Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases”, March 2002.

Member, program committee, “2nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2003)”, 2003.

Member, program committee, “1st International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2002)”, 2002.

DARPA ISAT Analyst’s Associate ad hoc working group, 2002.

Member, program committee, “Eighth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2002)”, 2002.

Member, program committee, “Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000)”, 2000.

Member, program committee, "Autonomous Agents '98" conference, 1998.

Member, program committee, "International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS’98)", 1998.

Member, organizing committee of symposium on "Formalizing Contexts", AAAI 1995 Fall Symposium Series, 1995.

Member, International Honorary Committee, First World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes & Systems, 1995.

Co-Chair, ARPA workshop on Ontology Development and Use, 1994.

Program co-chair, 11th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1993.

Member, program committee, International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; 1992, 94, 96.

Member, IFIP Working Group 12.1 on Knowledge Representation; 1991 – .

Member, advisory board, Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Incorporated, 1991 – .

Program co-chair, 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 1991.

Organizer and chair of session on "Qualitative and Causal Models", Third International Symposium on Expert Systems in Business, Finance, and Accounting; 1990.

Member, AAAI Executive Council, 1990-93.

Working group co-chair, DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort, 1990-.

Member, program committee, Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, 1990.

Member, Distinguished Panel of Experts for the Advanced Technologies in Information Systems Program of the University of Southern California School of Business Administration School of Accounting, 1989-91.

Organizer and chair of symposium on "Knowledge System Development Tools and Languages", AAAI 1989 Spring Symposium Series, 1989.

Referee for Artificial Intelligence Journal, IEEE Expert, and Journal of Automated Reasoning, 1988 – .

Organizer and chair of session on "Financial Applications of Expert Systems", Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computer Technology Conference and Exhibition, 1988.

Member, program committee, AAAI National Conference; 1984, 88.

Secretary-Treasurer, AAAI, 1983-86.

Organizer, program committee member, and session chair; SIGOA Conference on Office Information Systems, 1982.

National Chairman, Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (SIGART) of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1976-77.

Presentations

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project progress report at the TOPSAIL Principal Investigators Meeting; June 28, 2006.

Knowledge Representation Languages – Just Right For Topic Maps; presentation at the Topic Maps workshop; SRI International; May 24, 2006.

Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI) Retrospective Overview; NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; April 17, 2006.

Foundation Technology and Lessons Learned from Community Interoperability Efforts; AAAI Spring Symposia; March 27, 2006.

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project progress report at the KANI site visit; March 15, 2006.

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project overview; Palo Alto Research Center (PARC); February 7, 2006.

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project progress report at the NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; December 1, 2005.

Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI); project progress report at the NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; November 29, 2005.

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project overview at the NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; June 15, 2005.

Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI); project progress report at the NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; June 15, 2005.

Interoperable Knowledge Representation for Intelligence Support (IKRIS); project overview at the IKRIS Kickoff Meeting; April 25, 2005.

Key Roles for Knowledge Representation in Text Analysis; DHS Text Analysis Workshop; May 26, 2005.

Hypothesis Generation and Tracking; NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; December 3, 2004.

Prior and Tacit Knowledge About Time Dependent Relationships, Events, and Typicality; NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; December 1, 2004.

Query Manager API; presentation at the CALO project meeting; SRI International; November 18, 2004.

Semantic Integration:  Assuring the Coherence of Integrated Information; ROME Air Force Laboratories; June 16, 2004.

Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI); project status overview presentation at the NIMD (Novel Intelligence from Massive Data) Principal Investigator meeting; Washington D.C.; May 27, 2004.

Multiple presentations on research being conducted in the “Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI)” project; sponsor site visit; Stanford University; February 12, 2004.

Semantic Integration:  Assuring the Coherence of Integrated Information; IBM-Stanford Day; Stanford University; November 7, 2003.

JTP: A System Architecture and Component Library for Hybrid Reasoning; 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI-2003); Orlando, Florida; July 29, 2003.

Answer Determination and Explanation for the AQUA Question-Answering System; AQUAINT 18 Month Workshop; San Diego, CA; June 12, 2003.

Novel Intelligence from Semi-Structured Knowledge – Status Report; NIMD Principal Investigators Meeting; Portland OR; May 19, 2003.

DAML Query Breakout Session Out-brief, DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Miami, FL; April 10, 2003.

DAML Query Language (DQL); DAML Query Breakout Session, DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Miami, FL; April 9, 2003.

DAML Query Language (DQL) Overview; DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Miami, FL; April 7, 2003.

Novel Intelligence from Semi-Structured Knowledge; Launching NIMD Workshop; Vienna VA; December 10, 2002.

Temporal Reasoning for the AQUA Question-Answering System; AQUAINT 12 Month Workshop; Arlington VA; December 4, 2002.

Real World Reasoning; DARPA REAL Workshop; Arlington, VA; November 18, 2002.

Semantic Web Tools for Authoring and Using Analysis Results; NSF Kickoff Workshop; Herndon, VA; September 4, 2002.

A Reusable Time Ontology; Ontologies for the Semantic Web workshop; AAAI 2002 National Conference; July 29, 2002.

Justification and Explanation Evaluation Breakout Session Out-brief; AQUAINT Mid-Year Workshop; Monterey, CA; June 13, 2002.

Answer Determination for the AQUA Question-Answering System; AQUAINT Mid-Year Workshop; Monterey, CA; June 11, 2002.

Knowledge Technology; DARPA ISAT Analyst Associate Workshop; May 14, 2002.

Tools for Distributed Development, Integration, and Use of Large Scale Knowledge Bases; Concurrent Technologies Corporation; Annapolis Junction, MD; April 25, 2002.

Tools for DAML-Based Services, Document Templates, and Query Answering – Status Report; DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; St. Petersburg, FL; February 13, 2002.

Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web; Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination Workshop; Leesburg VA; December 6, 2001.

KSL’s Role in Development of the AQUA Question-Answering System; AQUAINT program kickoff meeting; Leesburg VA; December 3, 2001.

Knowledge Base Quality Analysis; RKF Principal Investigators Meeting; McLean, VA; October 19, 2001.

Partition-Based Logical Reasoning; RKF Principal Investigators Meeting; McLean, VA; October 18, 2001.

Knowledge Base Diagnostics; RKF Principal Investigators Meeting; McLean, VA; October 18, 2001.

Reasoning Breakout Session Out-brief, DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Nashua, NH; July 20, 2001.

Reasoning for the Semantic Web; Reasoning Breakout Session, DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Nashua, NH; July 20, 2001.

Tools for DAML-Based Services, Document Templates, and Query Answering – Status Report; DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Nashua, NH; July 19, 2001.

Steps Toward the Semantic Web:  Putting Computer Interpretable Knowledge on Your Web Page; Computer Forum Annual Workshop; Stanford University; March 21, 2001.

An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF-Schema, and DAML+OIL; DAML Principal Investigators Meeting; Washington D.C.; February 13, 2001.

Creating, Maintaining, and Integrating Understandable Knowledge Bases – Status Report; DARPA RKF Program Kickoff Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana; January 24, 2001.

Tools for DAML-Based Services, Document Templates, and Query Answering; DAML Kickoff Meeting; Boston, MA; August 14, 2000.

Creating, Maintaining, and Integrating Understandable Knowledge Bases; DARPA RKF Program Kickoff Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana; June 7, 2000.

Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable Knowledge; Air Force Scientific Advisory Board; Stanford University; May 19, 1998.

Deductive Retrieval from the World Fact Book Knowledge Base; DARPA Command and Control Workshop; Monterey, CA; May 4, 1998.

Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable Knowledge; AI Seminar; Stanford University; February 12, 1998.

Expert System Technology Today and Tomorrow; Price Waterhouse; Tokyo, Japan; 1988.

Planning and Managing Successful Expert System Projects; Price Waterhouse; Hong Kong and Sydney, Australia; 1988, 1989.

Lectureships

Tutorial lecturer on Managing Expert System Projects, IJCAI Conference; 1989.

Half day customer seminar on Expert System Technology Today and Tomorrow and Planning and Managing Successful Expert System Projects; Price Waterhouse; Melbourne, Australia; 1989.

Tutorial lecturer on Artificial Intelligence Programming; AAAI National Conference; 1986.

Tutorial lecturer on Knowledge System Development Tools; Institute for Artificial Intelligence; 1985.

Post-Degree Honors and Awards

Elected as a Founding Fellow of the America Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1990.

Major Invited Papers and Addresses

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; invited lecture to be given at the Cognitive Systems Conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of the DARPA Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO); Arlington, VA; November 12, 2003.

Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI); invited presentation at the Advanced Research and Development Activity’s ARDA Day Conference; Fort Meade, MD; September 23, 2003.

Ontologies and the Semantic Web; keynote address, Ontologies for the Semantic Web workshop; AAAI 2002 National Conference; July 29, 2002.

Steps Toward the Semantic Web:  Putting Computer Interpretable Knowledge on Your Web Page; invited talk, PARC Forum Address; Xerox Palo Alto Research Center; March 22, 2001.

Member of panel on Teaching KR: Challenges and Proposals; Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000); Breckenridge, CO; April 14, 2000.

OKBC: A Programmatic Foundation for Knowledge Base Interoperability; invited speaker; Knowledge Representation and Data Base workshop, in associated with the SIGMOD/PODS’98 conference; May 31, 1998.

Member of panel on SHAKEY the Robot, Bay Area Computer History Perspective; SRI International; Menlo Park, CA; 1995.

The Stanford How Things Work Project; invited speaker, DARPA SISTO Symposium; 1995.

Member of panel on Knowledge Sharing, AAAI Spring Symposium on Modeling Mental States; 1995.

Operator Procedure Verification with a Rapidly Reconfigurable Simulator; invited speaker, 3rd International Symposium on AI, Robotics, and Automation for Space; 1994.

The Stanford How Things Work Project; invited speaker, NASA's Seventh Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research; 1993.

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; 11th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; 1993.

Member of panel on What's Next in Knowledge Based Systems Technology for Industrial Usage; Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 5; 1993.

The Stanford How Things Work Project; invited speaker, Autodesk Inc.; San Rafael, CA; 1993.

Technology for Reusing Encoded Knowledge; invited speaker, SRI International; 1993.

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; 3rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; 1992.

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Representation Standards Effort; 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; 1991.

AI and Software Engineering -- Managing Exploratory Programming; panel on AI and Software Engineering; AAAI National Conference; 1990.

Using New Technologies in Auditing; invited speaker, Fifth Canadian Conference on Auditing and Computer Technology; 1990.

Modeling and Analyzing Businesses: A High Payoff Challenge for AI; invited speaker, Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications; 1990.

The Business Understander; member of panel on "Intelligent Technologies in Accounting and Auditing" at the Second International Symposium on Expert Systems in Business, Finance, and Accounting; 1989.

Building a Foundation for Tomorrow's Expert Systems: Advances in Object-Oriented Modeling; keynote address at the Fifth Australian Conference on Applications of Expert Systems; Sydney Australia; 1989.

Author's Critique of KEE; panelist at the symposium on "Knowledge System Development Tools and Languages", AAAI 1989 Spring Symposium Series; 1989.

Beyond the Current Plateau; invited speaker at New Science's Third Annual AI Forum, "Information Technology: The Commercial Frontier"; 1989.

Expert Systems; invited lecture at the Price Waterhouse High Technology Industry Specialty seminar; Cambridge Massachusetts; 1988.

The Role of Representation Languages in Acquisition; member of panel on knowledge acquisition at the AAAI National Conference; 1986.

Panelist; SIGOA Conference on Office Information Systems; 1982.

Bibliographical Information

Student authors appear in boldface.

Refereed Articles in Journals and Books

1.      R. Fikes, P. Hayes, and I. Horrocks; OWL-QL – a Language for Deductive Query Answering on the Semantic Web; submitted to the Journal of Web Semantics; October 2003.

2.      Robert McCool, Richard Fikes, and Deborah McGuinness; Semantic Web Tools for Enhanced Authoring; submitted to the Journal of Intelligence Community Research and Development; May 2003.  Also available as Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-03-07.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-07.html

3.      Deborah McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Hendler, Lynn Stein; DAML+OIL: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web; IEEE Intelligent Systems, September 2002, pp. 72-80.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-02-06.html.

4.      Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, Lynn Andrea Stein, and James Hendler; DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web; in Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors; Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential; MIT Press; 2002.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/daml-ont-semantic-web.htm.

5.      R. Fikes, A. Farquhar; Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable Knowledge; IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2; March/April 1999. Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-97-02.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-02.html

6.      G. Frank, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes; Building a Large Knowledge Base from a Structured Source: The CIA World Fact Book; IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1; January/February 1999; pp 47-54.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-98-16.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-16.html

7.      A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, & J. Rice; The Ontolingua Server: a Tool for Collaborative Ontology Construction; International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 46, No. 6, June 1, 1997, pp. 707-727.  Also, Proceedings of the Tenth Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop; Banff, Canada; November 9-14, 1996. Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-96-26.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-96-26.html

8.      A. Levy, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes; Automated Model Selection for Simulation Based on Relevance Reasoning; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 97, No 2; pp. 351-394.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-95-76.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-76.html

9.      A. Levy, R. Fikes, and Y. Sagiv; Speeding Up Inferences Using Relevance Reasoning: A Formalism and Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 97, No. 1-2; pp. 83-136.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-93-66.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-66.html

10.  Y. Iwasaki, M. Vescovi, R. Fikes, and B. Chandrasekaran; "Causal Functional Representation Language With Behavior-Based Semantics"; Applied Artificial Intelligence; Vol. 9 No. 1; Taylor & Francis; 1995; pp. 5-32.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-94-10.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-10.html

11.  M. Cutkosky, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes, M. Genesereth, T. Gruber, W. Mark, J. Tenenbaum, J. Weber; "PACT: An Experiment in Integrating Concurrent Engineering Systems"; IEEE Computer Special Issue on Concurrent Engineering; January 1993; pp 28-37.  Also Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-93-21.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-21.html

12.  R. Nado and R. Fikes, Saying More with Frames: Slots as Classes, Computers and Mathematics with Applications special issue on Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 23, No's 6-9, pp. 719-731, 1992.  Reprinted in Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence; Fritz Lehman, editor; Pergamon Press; Tarrytown, New York; 1992.

13.  R. Neches, et al; Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing; AI Magazine, Volume 12, Number 3; fall 1991; pp. 36-56. Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-93-22 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-22.html).

14.  T. Malone, R. Fikes, K. Grant, & M. Howard, Enterprise: A Market-like Task Scheduler for Distributed Computing Environments.  In B. A. Huberman (Ed.), The Ecology of Computation, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1988.

15.  R. Fikes, A Representation System User Interface for Knowledge Base Designers, AI Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Fall 1982), pp. 28-33.  Reprinted in Readings From The AI Magazine, Volumes 1-5, 1980-1985; edited by R. Engelmore; American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, California; 1988; pp 378-383.

16.  R. Brachman, R. Fikes, and H. Levesque; KRYPTON: A Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation; IEEE Computer; October 1983.  Reprinted in Readings in Knowledge Representation; edited by R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque; Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, California; 1985, pp 411-429.

17.  R. Fikes, A Commitment-Based Framework for Describing Informal Cooperative Work, Cognitive Science Journal, Vol. 6 (1982), pp. 331-347.  Also appears in the Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society; Berkeley, California; August 1981.

18.  R. Fikes, Odyssey: A Knowledge-Based Assistant; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 16 (1981), pp 331-361.

19.  R. Fikes and A. Henderson, On Supporting the Use of Procedures in Office Work; Proceedings of the First Annual National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Stanford California, August 1980.

20.  R. Fikes and G. Hendrix, A Network-Based Knowledge Representation and its Natural Deduction System, Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1977, pp. 235-246.

21.  R. Fikes, P. Hart, and B. Raphael; Themes in Automatic Problem Solving; IEEE Computer; May 1973; pp. 10-17.

22.  R. Fikes, P. Hart, and N. Nilsson; Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3, No. 4 (1972).  Reprinted in Readings in Artificial Intelligence, edited by B. L. Webber, and N. J. Nilsson, Tioga Publishing Company, Palo Alto, California, 1981.  Reprinted in Readings in Machine Learning, edited by J. W. Shavlik and T. G. Dietterich, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990. Reprinted in Readings in Planning, edited by J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990.  Reprinted in Readings in Knowledge Acquisition and Learning, edited by B. G. Buchanan and D. C. Wilkins, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1993.

23.  R. Fikes and N. Nilsson, STRIPS: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving, Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2 (1971), pp 189-208.  Reprinted in Readings in Planning, edited by J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990.  Reprinted in Computation and Intelligence: Collected Readings, edited by George F. Luger, AAAI Press, 1995.

24.  R. Fikes, REF-ARF: A System for Solving Problems Stated as Procedures, Artificial Intelligence, Vol.1 (1970), pp. 27-120.

Conference Proceedings

25.  Zeng, H.; Alhossaini, M.; Ding, L.; Fikes, R.; McGuinness, D.L. Computing Trust from Revision History. The 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST 2006) Markham, Ontario, Canada October 30 -- November 1, 2006.  ftp://ftp.ksl.stanford.edu/pub/KSL_Reports/KSL-06-12.pdf

26.  Zeng, H.; Alhossaini, M.; Fikes, R.; McGuinness, D.L. Mining Revision History to Assess Trustworthiness of Article Fragments. The 2nd International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (collaboratecom'06) Atlanta, Georgia, USA, November 17th - 20th, 2006.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-06-16.html

27.  Welty, C.; Murdock, J. W.; Pinheiro da Silva, P.; McGuinness, D.L.; Ferrucci, D.; Fikes, R. Tracking Information Extraction from Intelligence Documents. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis (IA 2005), McLean, VA, USA, 2-6 May, 2005. 2005.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-05-05.html

28.  Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes; Portable Proofs; in preparation for submission to the Ninth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2004); Whistler, Canada; June 2-5, 2004.

29.  R. Fikes, J. Jenkins, and G. Frank; JTP: A System Architecture and Component Library for Hybrid Reasoning; Proceedings of the 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI-2003); Orlando, Florida; July 27-30, 2003.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-01.html.

30.  R. Fikes, J. Jenkins, & Q. Zhou; Including Domain-Specific Reasoners with Reusable Ontologies; Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE’03); June 23-26, 2003; Las Vegas, Nevada.  http://ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-05.html

31.  Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Rice, and Steve Wilder; The Chimaera Ontology Environment; Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2000); Austin, Texas, July 30 - August 3, 2000.   http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/dmcguinness-aaai00-camera-ready.doc.

32.  D. L. McGuinness, R. Fikes, J. Rice, & S. Wilde; An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies; Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning  (KR2000), Breckenridge, Colorado; April 2000.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-00-16.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-00-16.html

33.  V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, & J. P. Rice; OKBC: A Programmatic Foundation for Knowledge Base Interoperability; Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Madison, Wisconsin; July 26-30, 1998.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-08.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-08.html

34.  Y. Iwasaki, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, J. Rice; Web-Based Compositional Modeling System for Sharing of Physical Knowledge; Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; NAGOYA, Aichi, Japan; August 23-29, 1997.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-17.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-17.html

35.  R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, J. Rice; Tools For Assembling Modular Ontologies in Ontolingua; Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Providence, Rhode Island; July 1997.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-97-03.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-03.html

36.  R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, W. Pratt; Information Brokers for Gathering Information from Heterogeneous Information Sources; Proceedings of the Ninth Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium (FLAIRS '96), John H. Stewman [ed.]; pp. 192-197; Key West, Florida; May 1996.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-96-18.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-96-18.html

37.  S. Buvac and R. Fikes; A Declarative Formalization of Knowledge Translation; Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management; Baltimore, Maryland; November 1995.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-94-59.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-59.html

38.  J. Van Baalen and R. Fikes; The Role of Reversible Grammars in Translating Between Representation Languages; Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Bonn, Germany; May 1994; pages 562-571.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-67.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-67.html

39.  Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, M. Vescovi, B. Chandrasekeran; How Things Are Intended to Work: Capturing Functional Knowledge in Device Design; in Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Chambery, France; August 1993.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-39.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-39.html

40.  M. Vescovi, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, B. Chandrasekeran; CFRL: A Language for Specifying the Causal Functionality of Engineered Devices" in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Washington, D.C.; July 1993.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-38.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-38.html

41.  R. Nado and R. Fikes, Semantically Sound Inheritance for a Formally Defined Frame Language With Defaults, Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Seattle Washington, 1987.

42.  R. Brachman, R. Fikes, and H. Levesque; KRYPTON: Integrating Terminology and Assertion; Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Washington D.C.; 1983.

43.  F. N. Tou, M. Williams, R. Fikes, A. Henderson, T. Malone; RABBIT: An Intelligent Database Assistant; Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; 1982, pp 314-318.

44.  M. Williams, F. Tou, R. Fikes, A. Henderson, and T. Malone; RABBIT: Cognitive Science in Interface Design; Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1982, pp. 82-85.

45.  R. Fikes, Automating the Problem Solving in Procedural Office Work, in Proceedings of the AFIPS Office Automation Conference, Houston Texas, March 1981.

46.  R. Fikes, Deductive Retrieval Mechanisms for State Description Models, Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tblisi USSR, 1975.

47.  R. Fikes, P. Hart, and N. Nilsson; Some New Directions in Robot Problem Solving; Machine Intelligence 7; Edinburgh University Press; November 1972; pp 405-430.

48.  R. Fikes, Monitored Execution of Robot Plans Produced by STRIPS, Proceedings of the IFIP Congress 71, Ljublijana Yugoslavia, 1971, pp 189-194.

49.  R. Fikes, H. Lauer, and A. Vareha; Steps Toward a General Purpose Time-Sharing System Using Large Capacity Core Storage and TSS/360; Proceedings 1968 ACM National Conference; Las Vegas, Nevada; pp. 7-18.

Invited Papers

50.  R. Fikes; Ontologies: What Are They, and Where's The Research?; Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Cambridge, Massachusetts; November 5-8, 1996.

51.  R. Patil, R. Fikes, P. Patel-Schneider, D. Mckay, T. Finin, T. Gruber, R. Neches; The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Cambridge, Massachusetts; October 25-29, 1992.  Also KSL Technical Report KSL 93-23.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-23.html

52.  R. Fikes, AI and Software Engineering -- Managing Exploratory Programming, Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Boston, Massachusetts, 1990.

53.  R. Fikes, Beyond the Current Plateau: Knowledge Systems Futures, Artificial Intelligence Research Industry Report, New Science Associates, May 1989.

54.  R. Fikes, Building the Foundation for Tomorrow's Expert Systems: Advances in Object-Oriented Modeling, Proceedings of the Fifth Australian Conference on Applications of Expert Systems; Sydney Australia, May 1989.

55.  R. Fikes and T. Kehler, The Role of Frame-Based Knowledge Representation in Reasoning, Communications of the ACM, October 1985.

56.  R. Fikes, Knowledge Representation in Automatic Planning Systems, in Perspectives on Computer Science, edited by A. K. Jones, Academic Press, 1977, pp. 63-75. Reprinted in Building Blocks of Artificial Intelligence, E. Feigenbaum editor, Addison-Wesley.

Workshops, Symposia, Interviews, and Standards Documents

57.  Zeng, H.; Fikes, R. Extracting Assumptions from Missing Data. Context representation and reasoning 2005, proceedings of the first international workshop 2005.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-05-07.html

58.  Zeng, H.; McGuinness, D.L.; Pinheiro da Silva, P.; Fikes, R. Explaining Results from Information Retrieval and Integration. International Symposium on Explanation-aware Computing, AAAI Symposium, Washington, D.C., November 3-6, 2005 2005.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-05-08.html

59.  Q. Zhou & R. Fikes; A Reusable Time Ontology; Proceedings of the Ontologies for the Semantic Web Workshop, AAAI 2002 National Conference; July 2002.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-00-01.html

60.  Richard Fikes and Deborah L. McGuinness; An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF-S, and DAML+OIL; World Wide Web Committee (W3C) Note 18 December 2001.  Also available as Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-01, 2001.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-01-01.html

61.  T. Loeser, Y. Iwasaki, and R. Fikes; Safety Verification Proofs for Physical Systems; Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; May 26-29, 1998. Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report 98-14.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-14.html

62.  Y. Iwasaki, B. Choueiry, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes, T. Loeser, S. McIlraith, and T. Neller; Preliminary Thoughts Towards a Practical Theory of Reformulation for Reasoning About Physical Systems; Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; May 26-29, 1998.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-98-18 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-18.html).

63.  B. Choueiry, S. McIlraith, Y. Iwasaki, T. Loeser, T. Neller, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes; Thoughts on a Practical Theory of Reformulation for Reasoning about Physical Systems; Working Notes of the Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation (SARA'98); Pacific Grove, USA; May 1998, pp. 25-36.

64.  V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice; Open Knowledge Base Connectivity 2.0; available as Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-98-06; January 1998.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-06.html

65.  Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, and R. Engelmore; Function-Based Engineering Part Retrieval; Working Notes of AAAI Workshop on Modeling and Reasoning with Function, August, 1996.

66.  A. Farquhar, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, D. Bobrow; A Compositional Modeling Language; Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Fallen Leaf Lake, California; May 21-24, 1996.

67.  R. Fikes, R. Engelmore, A. Farquhar, & W. Pratt; Network-based Information Brokers; AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Distributed Heterogeneous Environments; 1995. Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-95-13.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-13.html

68.  A. Farquhar, A. Dappert, R. Fikes, & W. Pratt; Integrating Information Sources Using Context Logic; AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Distributed Heterogeneous Environment; 1995.  Also, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-95-12.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-12.html

69.  A. Levy, R. Fikes, and Y. Sagiv; A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Irrelevance: Foundations and Applications; AAAI Fall Symposium on Relevance; November 1994.

70.  Y. Iwasaki, R. Engelmore, G. Fehr, R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, T. Gruber; Operator Procedure Verification with a Rapidly Reconfigurable Simulator; Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on AI, Robotics, and Automation for Space, October 1994.

71.  S. Buvac and R. Fikes; Semantics of Translation; Workshop on Knowledge Sharing and Information Interchange at the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Chambery, France; August 1993.

72.  R. Fikes, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki; The Stanford How Things Work Project; Seventh Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research; August 3-5, 1993.  Earlier version also in proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Design from Physical Principles; October 23-25, 1992; pp. 167-176.

73.  R. Fikes, R. Hayes-Roth, and B. Chandrasekaran; Can AI Make Money?; interviews in IEEE Expert, Volume 6, Number 5; October 1991; pp 3-14.

74.  R. Fikes, Integrating Hypertext and Frame-Based Domain Models; AAAI-88 Workshop on AI and Hypertext: Issues and Directions; St. Paul, Minnesota; August 1988.

75.  R. Nado, J. Van Baalen, and R. Fikes; JOSIE: An Integration of Specialized Representation and Reasoning Tools; AAAI Spring Symposium; March 1991. Also appears in SIGART Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 3; 1991.

76.  R. Fikes, Highlights from KloneTalk: Display-Based Editing and Browsing, Decompositions, Qua Concepts, and Active Role Value Maps; 1981 KL-One Workshop; edited by J. G. Schmolze and R. J. Brachman; Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Report No. 4842, June 1982.

Technical Reports

77.  Makarios, S.; Heuer, K.; Fikes, R. Computational Context Logic and Species of $ist$. 2006.  Technical Report KSL-06-07, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; 2006.

78.  Pinheiro da Silva, P.; Hayes, P.; McGuinness, D. L.; Fikes, R.; & Deshwal, P. Towards Checking Hybrid Proofs. Technical Report, Knowledge Systems, AI Laboratory, Stanford University., 2005.  Technical Report KSL-05-01, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; 2005.

79.  Zeng, H.; Fikes, R. Explaining Data Incompleteness in Knowledge Aggregation. Technical Report, Knowledge Systems, AI Laboratory, Stanford University. 2005.  Technical Report KSL-05-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; 2005.

80.  Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Patrick Hayes, Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes; “PPDR: A Proof Protocol for Deductive Reasoning”; Technical Report KSL-04-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, USA; 2004.

81.  P. Pinheiro da Silva, D. L. McGuinness, & R. E. Fikes; “A Proof Markup Language for Semantic Web Services”; Technical Report KS-04-01, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University; 2004.

82.  R. Fikes and S. Makarios; “KANI Time Ontology”; Technical Report KS-04-05, Knowledge Systems Laboratory; June, 2004.

83.  R. Fikes, P. Hayes, & I. Horrocks (editors); DAML Query Language (DQL); The Joint United States / European Union ad hoc Agent Markup Language Committee; DARPA Agent Markup Language  (DAML) Program; April 2003.  Also available as Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KDL-03-12. http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-12.html

84.  Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Richard Fikes; Combinable Proof Fragments for the Web; Technical Report KSL-03-04; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University; January 2003.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-04.html

85.  R. Fikes, P. Hayes, & I Horrocks; DQL - A Query Language for the Semantic Web; Technical Report KSL-02-05; Knowledge Systems Laboratory; November 2002.  http://ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-02-05.html

86.  Richard Fikes, Deborah McGuinness, and Richard Waldinger; A First-Order Logic Semantics for Semantic Web Markup Languages; Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-02-01 2002.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-02-01.html

87.  Y. Sun & R. Fikes; Creating Open, Sharable XML DTDs for Knowledge Representation And Bringing Enhanced Semantics to XML; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-99-11; August 1999.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-99-11.html

88.  S. McIlraith, G. Biswas, M. Fromherz, J. Howe, R. Fikes, D. Bobrow, M. Cutkosky, R. Engelmore, & T. Neller; Model-Enabled Control of Hybrid Systems; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-98-22; July 1998. (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-22.html)

89.  V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice; The Generic Frame Protocol 2.0; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-97-05, 1997 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-05.html).

90.  A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, W. Pratt, & J. Rice; Collaborative Ontology Construction for Information Integration; KSL Technical Report KSL-95-63; August 1995 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-63.html).

91.  B. Falkenhainer, A. Farquhar, D. Bobrow, R. Fikes, K. Forbus, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki, B. Kuipers; Compositional Modeling  Language (CML) Specification and Reference Manual; KSL Technical Report KSL-94-16; 1994 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-16.html).

92.  M. Genesereth and R. Fikes; Knowledge Interchange Format, Version 3.0 Reference Manual; Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1992. Also, KSL Technical Report 92-86 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-92-86.html)

93.  R. Fikes, M. Cutkosky, T. Gruber, & J. Van Baalen; Knowledge Sharing Technology Project Overview; KSL Technical Report KSL-91-71, November 1991 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-91-71.html).

94.  R. Fikes, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki, A. Levy, & P. Nayak; How Things Work Project Overview; KSL Technical Report KSL-91-70, November 1991 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-91-70.html).

95.  W. Hamscher, R. Fikes, & A. Timmins, The Business Understander, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre internal report, December 1989.

96.  R. Fikes and M. Pease, An Interactive Management Support System for Planning, Control, and Analysis; Computer Science Group Technical Report 12, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, November 1975.