TIME PERIOD

EDUCATIONAL TREND

THEORY

1800’s

Opportunistic bilingual education

The child

Early 1900’s

Sink or swim, anti-immigrant

Psychometrics, heredity-environment debate

1940’s – 1950’s

Sink or swim, language interference

Behaviorism, contrastive linguistics

1960’s

Cuban refugees

Cognitive revolution, Canadian French immersion

1968

Title VII, Civil Rights

Language acquisition

1980’s

Retreat from Civil Rights

Educational evaluation

1990’s

Castañeda standards

General theory