National Vanguard
Formed | December 1959 |
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Disbanded | 1976 |
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Updated | February 12, 2012 |
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Narrative Summary
National Vanguard was one of the two main neo-fascist Italian terrorist groups, along with New Order.
National Vanguard was officially banned in 1975 under a law forbidding the reconstruction of the fascist party.
was dissolved in 1965, reconstituted in 1970, and then redissolved in 1975, whereupon its remnants merged with those of New Order and National Front and were absorbed into Black Order.
Leadership
- Mario Merlino (Unknown to Unknown):
- Stefano Delle Chiaie (1962 to Unknown): The founder of National Vanguard.[3]
Ideology & Goals
- Anit-Communist
- Neo-fascist
- Right wing
National Vanguard had a more explicitly anti-Communist stance than did other neo-fascist groups. It sought to rescue the Italian republic from a feared Communist takeover.
The group's longer-term goals were vague. It sought to unite Europe into one totalitarian nation but had no clear plan of how to do so.
Size Estimates
- Unknown: 600 ()[6]
- Unknown: Peaked at 2,000 ()[7]
Geographical Locations
*Rome
*Campania
*Puglia
*Milan
*Turin
National Vanguard had its headquarters in Rome and had bases or members in some 30 cities throughout Italy.
Targets & Tactics
Clashed with leftist student groups.
Relationships with Other Groups
National Vanguard broke from New Order in 1960. It later coordinated with that group and other armed neo-fascist movements.There is evidence that National Vanguard, New Order, and National Front jointly planned a coup attempt in 1970. The remnants of the groups merged after being formally banned in the mid-1970s and were then absorbed into Black Order.
Thereafter they also attempted to collaborate with left-wing groups and began adopting left-wing tactics.
References
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 46.
- ^ Ferraresi,
Franco. Threats to Democracy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press, 1996. pp. 63-64
- ^ Il Terrorismo In Italia Negli Anni Settanta : Cronaca E Documentazione. Milano: Bibliografica, 1980. p. 25.
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 37.
- ^ Ferraresi,
Franco. Threats to Democracy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press, 1996. p. 65
- ^ Barbato, 25
- ^ Weinberg and Eubank, 38
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 37.
- ^ Ferraresi,
Franco. Threats to Democracy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press, 1996. p. 64
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 37.
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 37.
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 47.
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 46.
- ^ Weinberg, Leonard, and William Lee Eubank. The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. p. 46.