Ernest Staples Osgood, The Day of the Cattleman (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959, orig. ed. 1929), 105.

James W. Whitaker, Feedlot Empire: Beef Cattle Feeding in Illinois and Iowa, 1840-1900 (Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1975), 56.

The figures for cattle are from the Agricultural Census: Historical Census Publications from the USDA 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census Under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior, by Joseph C.G. Kennedy, Superintendent of Census (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864).

1860: Agriculture of the United States in 1860 (Washington D.C.: GPO, 1864). Table: Recapitulation-1860: Agriculture, p. 184.
1870: Ninth Census-The Statistics of the Wealth and Industry of the United States, vol. 3 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1872)

Productions of Agriculture, Table III-The United Statesd-The Ninth Census-1870, p. 82. 1880: Report of the Productions of Agriculture...Tenth Census (June 1, 1880), ...General Statistics (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1883), Statistics of Agriculture: Table I - Summary for the Ninth Census 1870, p. 12. 1890: Report on the Statistics of Agriculture in the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1895).

Statistics of Agriculture: General Tables: Summary in States and Territories: census of 1890, p. 75