Report of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Interstate Commerce, 49th Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1886), 10.
James Scott, Seeing like A State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1998), 25-33.
Railroad Gazetteer (Central Pacific Railroad), Nov. 1871, Graff 923. Newberry Library.
Cronon, Nature's Metropolis, 79.
The average rates per ton-mile were $5.95 on the Central Pacific and $4.26 on the Union Pacific in 1870; in 1885 the rates were $1.83 and $1.49, respectively.
Freight Rates on Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads, PRC, 5:2585.
Henry H. Swain, Comparative Statistics of Railroad Rates, Publications of the American Statistical Association, 6, no. 43 (Sept. 1898): 116.
Swain, Comparative Statistics of Railroad Rates, 115-32, quote 132.