The average rates per ton-mile were $5.95 on the Central Pacific and $4.26 on the Union Pacific in 1870; in 1885 the rates were $1.83 and $1.49, respectively.
Freight Rates on Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads, PRC, 5:2585.
John H. White Jr., The American Railroad Freight Car: From the Wood-Car Era to the Coming of Steel (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1993), 137, 138.
White, Freight Car, 70, 138.
White, Freight Car, 122-123, table 1.15.
Testimony of John C. Stubbs, Aug. 13, 1887, PRC, 6:3362-63.
J. C. Stubbs to CPH, July 6, 1883, CPH Papers, ser. 1, r. 33.