Ford, Argentina and the Baring Crisis of 1890, 127-50.

Buss, Villard, 222-24.

Timberlake, Repeal of Silver Monetization, 30-33.

Adams Memorabilia, Journal, Nov. 23, 1890, 152-57, Adams Papers, r. 10.

CAV to Marcus, Sept. 20, 1890, Spofford to Villard, Sept. 24, Oct. 14, 21, 1890, Nov. 15, 1890, Spofford to Hoyt, Nov. 7, 1890, LB 84a, Mss 8993, vol. 119, Villard Papers.

Colby, Hoyt, Oakes to Villard, Sept. 18, 26, 1890, Hoyt to Villard, Sept. 24, 1896, Nov. 14, 1890, LB 84a, Mss 8993, vol. 119, Villard Papers.

Michael Kazin, A Godly Hero (New York: Knopf, 2006), 35-38.

J. A. Baxter to T. F. Oakes, Aug. 12, 1890, Mullen to Oakes, June 10, 1890, NP, LRR, PV, 137.H.5.5 (B).