This strain is visible beginning with Robert Wiebe, who talked of a "new middle class," and a "revolution in values," which yielded "bureaucratic thought." Jackson Lears, although keeping aspects of Wiebe, emphasizes manliness and militarism.

Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877-1920 (New York: Hill & Wang, 1967) 111-63, quote 154, through Chandler, Visible Hand, 10.

Jackson Lears, Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of Modern America, 1877-1920 (New York: Harper Collins, 2009), 13, 18, 21-22.