Espresso
![](./images/espresso.jpg)
In May 2023, I collaborated with Nikhil Devanathan and Alan Yang to modify a Gaggia Classic Pro. We customized the frame by spray-painting it gloss apple red, replacing the rocker switches with toggle switches, adding an OLED display, and emblazoning it with a badge of the CVXgroup logo. We also redid the electronics, soldering in control elements, sensors, and a Raspberry Pi Pico to enable custom control of the pump and boiler.
With hardware modifications finalized, Alan, Nikhil, and I have been iteratively improving the software for control. Our current setup uses proportional control for the pump and kind of adaptive proportional control scheme for the boiler which is based on Newton's Law of Cooling.