| 1056-1106 | | Henry IV, following Henry III's
example, appoints Bishop of Milan (1975). |
| 1066-1087 |
|
William I, "the
Conqueror" of England defeats Harold Godwineson at Hastings. |
| 1073-1085 |
|
Pontificate of Gregory
VII, reformer and opponent of lay investiture. |
| 1085 |
|
Alfonso VI of Castile
takes the great Muslim city of Toledo.
Domesday Book ordered. A survey
of English lands on the occasion of a threat by King Canute of
Denmark. |
| 1095 |
|
Urban II preaches the
first Crusade in response to Alexius Comnenus' appeal. |
| 1096-1099 | | First Crusade. |
| 1115 | | Death of Matilda of Tuscany (names papacy heir; Henry V
claims lands). |
| 1122 | | Concordat of Worms. |
| 1137-1180 | | Louis VII, king of France, first
husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine. |
|
1140 | |
Jews in Norwich, England, accused of ritual murder
(first such accusation documented).
|
~1140 | |
Gratian's Decretum includes provisions from Second
Lateran Council of 1139, condemning clerical marriage
Abbot Sugar builds St. Denis (regarded as first Gothic church). |
| 1142 | | Death of Peter Abelard. |
|
1152-1190 | | Frederick Barbarossa reigns. |
| 1153 | | Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, second founder of the
Cistercian Order. |
| 1154-1189 | | Henry II, king of England, second
husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine. |
| 1155 | | Death of Arnold of Brescia, advocate of a Church
without wealth. |
| 1155-1205 | | Noyon Cathedral. |
| 1158 | | Frederick Barbarossa issues Constitutio Habita,
protecting the societas socii at the University of Bologna. |
| 1163-1250 | | Notre Dame Cathedral. |
| 1170 | | Martyrdom of Thomas Beckett in Canterbury
Cathedral. |
| 1179 | | Third Lateran Council condemns Peter Waldo. |
| 1180-1223 | | Philip II Augustus, king of
France. |
| ~1180 | | Giraldus Cambrensis reports the presence of scholars
at Oxford. |
| 1198 | | Death of Averroes (ibn Rushd). |
| 1198-1216 | | Pontificate of Innocent III. |
| 1200 |
|
Edict of Philip
Augustus guarantees that Provost will respect the rights and
privileges of the scholars at the University of Paris. |
| 1204 | | Sack of Constantinople. |
| 1205-1220 | | Chartres Cathedral. |
| 1209 | | Innocent III approves Francis' first rule orally. |
| 1209-1229 | | Albigensian Crusade. |
| 1214 |
|
Emperor Otto of
Brunswick and John Lackland defeated by Philip Augustus of France,
Innocent III, and Frederick's German allies at Bouvines. |
| 1215 | | Magna Carta signed at Runnymeade
Fourth
Lateran Council affirms transubstantiation, recognizes Mendicant friars,
outlaws other new orders, requires Jews to wear special clothing, and
establishes the Inquisition. |
| 1215-1250 | | Rule of Frederick II (successively
King of Germans, Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Jerusalem). |
| 1217-1221 | | Children's Crusade. |
| 1222(?) | | University of Padua. |
| 1217 | | Order of Preachers approved by Honorius III. |
| 1221 |
|
Death of Dominic de
Guzman. |
| 1226 | | Death of Francis of Assisi. |
| 1226-1270 | | Louis IX, "Saint Louis", king of
France, died on Crusade. |
| 1227-1241 | | Pontificate of Gregory IX. |
| 1228 | | San Francesco begun. |
| 1231 | | Parens scientiarum, Constitutions of
Melfi
Frederick II issues an edict prohibiting the practice or teaching of
medicine without approval by the masters of Salerno. |
| 1248 | | Conquest of Seville. |
| 1253 | | Death of Robert Grosseteste, bishop of London. |
| ~1256 | | Death of Richard Rufus of Cornwall. |
| 1274 | | Death of Bonaventure.
Death of Thomas Aquinas. |
| 1277-1280 | | Nicholas III (Orsini) issues Exiit
qui seminat in 1279. |
| 1280 | | Death of Albertus Magnus. |
| 1282 | | Sicilian Vespers,
Seige of Forli. |
| 1283-1292 | | Conwy Castle. |
| 1285-1314 | | Philip IV, "the Fair", king of
France. |
| ~1290. | | Basilica del Santo, Padua. |
| 1292 | | Death of Roger Bacon. |
| 1293 | | Death of Henry of Ghent. |
| 1294-1303 | | Boniface VIII suceeds Celestine
V. |
| 1296. | | Clericis Laicos. |
| 1302 | | Unam Sanctam.
Death of Cimbue. |
| 1303-1305 | | Scrovegni Chapel (Giotto
frescoes). |
| 1305 | | Beginning of the Avignonese Captivity. |
| 1308 | | Death of John Duns Scotus. |
| 1314-1347 | | Louis of Bavaria. |
| 1314 | | Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II at Bannockburn and
claims the Scottish throne; married to his chief steward, his daughter
establishes the Stuart line. |
| 1315 | | The Great Famine kills about ten percent of the
population. |
| 1316-1334 | | Pontificate of John XXII. |
| 1318 | | John XXII recognizes the University of Cambridge as a
Studium Generale. |
| 1321 | | Dante dies shortly after completing his Comedy,
set in April 1300. |
| 1328-1350 | | Philip VI of Valois, king of
France. |
| 1332-1357. | | Gloucester Cathedral. |
| 1337 | | Death of Giotto
Hundred Years' War begins. |
| 1340 | | Edward III proclaims himself king of France
Jan van
Arteveldt and the Flemish rebel against French overlordship. |
| 1346 | | Death of Giles of Rome. |
| 1347 | | Death of William of Ockham
Fall of Calais -- Jean
d'Aire, Jacques and Pierre de Wissant, Jean de Fiennes, Andrieus d'Andres and
Eustache de Saint-Pierre offer to sacrifice themselves. |
| 1347-1350 | | Black Death (described in Boccaccio's
Decameron). |
| 1348 | | University of Prague. |
| 1360 |
| Chaucer captured by the French, but ransomed for 16
pounds.
| 1361-1362 | | | Recurrence of the plague. |
| 1370 | | Death of John Buridan. |
| 1374 | | Death of Petrarch. |
| 1375 | | University of Vienna
Death of Boccaccio. |
| 1378-1415 | | The Great Schismbegins when Pope
Gregory XI dies at Rome and popular pressure leads to the election of Urban
VI; subsequently, the French cardinals elect Clement VIII and return to
Avignon. |
| 1381. | | Wat Tyler leads the English Peasants' Revolt. |
| 1382 | | Death of Nicholas Oresme (law of falling bodies). |
| 1386 | | University of Heidelberg. |
| 1396 | | "The Wife of Bath" finished. |
| 1399-1413 | | Henry IV, king of England. |
| 1400 | | Death of Chaucer. |
| 1409 | | University of Leipzig. |
| 1414-1418 | | Council of Constance. |
| 1415 | | Execution of Jan Hus. |
| 1431-1449 | | Council of Basel. |
| 1446 | | Construction begins on Kings College Chapel at
Cambridge. |
| 1453 | | Fall of Constantinople. |
| ~1455 | | Death of Fra Angelico. |
