Giffard RG, Monyer H, Christine CW, and Choi, DW. Acidosis reduces NMDA receptor activation, glutamate neurotoxici-ty and oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cultures. Brain Research 506:339-342, 1990.

Giffard RG, Monyer H, and Choi, DW. Selective vulnerability of cultured cortical glia to injury by extracellular acidosis. Brain Research 530:138-141, 1990.

Monyer H, Giffard RG, Hartley DM, Dugan LL, Goldberg MP, and Choi DW. Oxygen or glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury in cortical cell cultures is reduced by tetanus toxin. Neuron 8:967-973, 1992.

Giffard RG, Weiss JH, Choi DW. Extracellular alkalinity exacerbates injury of cultured cortical neurons. Stroke 23:1817-1821, 1992.

Giffard RG, Weiss JH, Swanson RA, Choi DW. Secobarbital Attenuates Excitotoxicity but Potentiates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Neuronal Injury in Cortical Cell Culture. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 13:803-810, 1993.

Kaku DA, Giffard RG, Choi DW. Neuroprotective Effects of Glutamate Antagonists and Extracellular Acidity. Science 260:1516-1518, 1993.

Bruno VMG, Goldberg MP, Dugan LL, Giffard RG, Choi DW. Neuroprotective Effect of Hypothermia in Cortical Cultures Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation or Excitatory Amino Acid. Journal of Neurochemistry 63:1398-1406, 1994.

Dugan LL, Bruno VMG, Amagasu SM, Giffard RG. Glia modulate the response of murine cortical neurons to excitotoxicity: Glia exacerbate AMPA neurotoxicity. Journal of Neuroscience 15:4545-4555, 1995.

Pérez-Pinzón MA, Maier CM, Yoon EJ, Sun GH, Giffard RG, Steinberg GK. Correlation of CGS19755 Neuroprotection Against in vitro Exitotoxicity and Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Flow and Metabolism 15:865-876, 1995.

Maier CM, Sun GH, Kunis DM, Giffard RG, Steinberg GK. Neuroprotection by the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist CGP 40116: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies. Journal of Neurochemistry 65:652-659, 1995.

Bruno VMG, Battaglia G, Copani A, Giffard RG, Raciti G, Raffaele R, Shinozaki H, Nicoletti F. Activation of class II or III metabotropic glutamate receptors protects cultured cortical neurons against excitotoxic degeneration. European Journal of Neuroscience 7:1906-1913, 1995.

Regan RF, Witz A, Panter SS, Tilly JL, Giffard RG. Ultrastructure of excitotoxic neuronal death in murine cortical culture. Brain Research 705(1-2):188-198, 1995.

Papadopoulos MC, Sun X, Cao J, Mivechi N, Giffard RG. Overexpression of HSP-70 protects astrocytes from combined oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroreport 7(2):429-432, 1996.

Bergeron M, Mivechi NF, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. Mechanism of heat shock protein 72 induction in primary cultured astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neurological Research 18:64-72, 1996.

Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Dugan LL, Giffard RG. Vulnerability to glucose deprivation injury correlates with glutathione levels in astrocytes. Brain Research 748:151-156, 1997.

Xu L, Giffard RG. HSP70 protects murine astrocytes from glucose deprivation injury. Neuroscience Letters 224:9-12, 1997.

Newcomb R, Sun X-Y, Taylor L, Curthoys N, Giffard RG. Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (17): 11276-82, 1997.

Kim CY, Tsai MH, Osmanian C, Graeber TG, Lee JE, Giffard RG, DiPaolo JA, Peehl DM, Giaccia AJ. Selection of human cervical epithelial cells that possess reduced apoptotic potential to low oxygen conditions. Cancer Research 57(19):4200-4204, 1997.

Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Yuan TY, Giffard RG. Increasing vulnerability of astrocytes to oxidative injury with age despite constant antioxidant defenses. Neuroscience 82(3):915-925, 1998.

Xu L, Glassford AJM, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. Acidosis reduces neuronal apoptosis. Neuroreport 9:875-879, 1998.

Papadopoulos, M. C., Koumenis, I.L., Xu, L., and Giffard, R.G. Potentiation of murine astrocyte antioxidant defense by bcl-2: protection in part reflects elevated glutathione levels. European Journal of Neuroscience 10: 1252-1260, 1998.

Lee JE, Kim CY, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. The E6 and E7 genes of human pailloma virus-type 16 protect primary astrocyte cultures from injury. Brain Research 795: 10-16, 1998.