Fast freight lines also used air brakes.
Mahl to CPH, Jan. 12, 1889, CPH Papers, ser. 1, r. 47.
Adams to Rastus Ransom, March 26, 1886, UP, PO, OC, vol. 34, ser. 2, r. 29.
White, American Freight Car, 541.
Henry Cabot Lodge, "A Perilous Business and Its Remedy," North American Review 154 (Feb. 1892): 189-95.
Seung-Wook Kim, Accident Risk and Railroad Worker Compensation: An Historical Study, 1880-1945 (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Georgia, 1988), 4-5, 38, 45, 48-49, 50.
Clark told Buchanan, who believed him that he had not ordered the cuts, a lie, which was one of the many things that enraged Adams.
Weir, Knights Unhorsed, 76-77.
Buchanan, Labor Agitator, 70-77, 82-99.
Maury Klein, Union Pacific, vol. 1, Birth of a Railroad, 1862-1893(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983), 453-54.
For a brilliant and influential account of the contract theory, see Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract.
In practice, however, the equivalence between contracts and freedom was never so clear.
Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998).
The 1880 census put the number of western railroad workers at 36,430, and the western railroads were really only getting started. Their number would increase sevenfold by 1905..
United States Census, 1880, Report of the Agencies of Transportation in the United States . . . (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1883), table VI, group VI, p. 277.