Fruit production would not really boom until the twentieth century.
Orsi, Sunset Limited, 130, 193-204, 323-29.
Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians, 2 vols. (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1984), 2:633-40.
Ross Ralph Cotroneo, The History of the Northern Pacific Land Grant, 1900-1952 (New York: Arno Press, 1979), 115-42, 162.
Francis Paul Prucha, American Indian Policy in Crisis: Christian Reformers and the Indian, 1865-1900 (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 172-87.
Lamb, History of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 159-60.
As I have argued above, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific both could make money as regional roads serving San Francisco and Omaha, and through connections Chicago, respectively, but as the subsidies they paid show, they could not make money as a transcontinental. In any case, given the corruption of the books, it is very hard to make any definitive case about either road.