Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward (New York: New American Library, 1960, orig. ed., 1888), 54.
Herbert Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 1836-1937 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1991), 270, 273.
George H. Miller, Railroads and the Granger Laws (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1971), 172-93, esp. 188-89.
Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 274.
Report of the Senate Select Committee on Interstate Commerce . . . 49th Cong., 1st sess., Submitted to the Senate, Jan. 18, 1886 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1886), 182, 215-16.
James F. Hudson, The Railways and the Republic (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1886), 107-24, 135-38.
Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 139-48.