Timothy Gilfoyle, A Pickpockets Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York (New York: Norton, 2006), xv.
Scott C. James, Presidents, Parties, and the State: A Party System Perspective on Democratic Regulatory Choice, 1884-1936 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000), 39-40.
Testimony of Frederick Heede, July 2, 1887, PRC, 3:1499.
Testimony of Edward Rosewater, June 28, 1887, PRC, 3:1339.
Huntington to Colton, May 1, 1875, Letters from Collis P. Huntington 4: 344.
The Central Pacific used the tactic of running a third candidate to draw off votes from a targeted candidate to defeat Sherman Houghton in 1875, Octopus Speaks, 268.
Octopus Speaks, 281.
CPH to Colton, Nov. 11, 1876, Octopus Speaks, 322.
CPH to Colton, Jan. 29, Feb. 26, 1876, Huntington Letters, 4:453, 464-65.
Boyd to CPH, Nov. 19, 1878, CPH Papers, ser. 1, r. 16.