Adams to E. D. Sawyer, Feb. 13, 1886, PO, OC, vol. 34, ser. 2, r. 29.
Memorandum, undated, unsigned, box 2, f. 20, Villard Papers.
Charles Francis Adams, "Which Will Quickest Solve the Railroad Question: Force bills or Public Opinion?" Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Sept. 3, 1875, in Charles Francis Adams, Railway Pamphlets, Stanford University Library, 7-11.
Berk, in Alternative Track finds a reduction of 27 percent, but lumps the reorganizations before 1893 with those afterwards.
Albro Martin, Railroads and the Equity Receivership, 685-709.
Tufano, Business Failure, 22-26.