William John Pinkerton, His Personal Record: Stories of Railroad Life (Kansas City: Pinkerton Publishing Company, 1904), 116-117.
Licht, Working for the Railroad, 58.
Stromquist, Generation of Boomers, 50-99, 107, 10, 110.
Eric Arnesen, "Like Banquos Ghost, It Will Not Down: The Race Question and the American Railroad Brotherhoods, 1880-1920," American Historical Review 99 (Dec. 1994): 1614-15, 1628.
Transportation Rules, Northern Pacific System of Railroads, in Effect Sept. 1, 1883.
The Burlington's early descriptions of duties were even shorter.
untitled, "Prepared by John B. Nyman," 63, 1870, 6.5, CB&Q.
Adams to Callaway, Aug. 14, 1885, UP, PO, OC, vol. 31, ser. 2, r. 27.