Railroaded

in collaboration with The Spatial History Project


By 1891 75 percent to 80 percent of the Northern Pacific freight cars had air brakes.

Usselman, Regulating Railroad Innovation, 130-38, 280-85.

Aldrich, Death Rode the Rails, 114-15.

White, American Freight Car, 539.

W. S. Mellen to Villard, Feb. 23, 1891, NP, LRR, PV, 137.H.5.8 (F).