Robin W. Winks, Frederick Billings: A Life (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1991), 310-11.
Charles W. Calhoun, Minority Victory: Gilded Age Politics and the Front Porch Campaign of 1888 (Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 2008), 80-82.
Herbert Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 1836-1937 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1991), 283, 286-91.
R. Jeffrey Lustig, Corporate Liberalism: The Origins of Modern American Political Theory, 1890-1920 (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1982), 94.
John J. Binder, "The Sherman Antitrust Act and Railroad Cartels," Journal of Law and Economics 31 (Oct. 1988): 443-45.
Adams to Storey, May 14, 1890, UP, PO, OC, vol. 50, ser. 2, r. 45.