Villard to Oakes, March 1, 1893, box 34, Mss. 8893, vol. 719, f. 231, Villard Papers..
Buss, Villard, 175-81.
Poor, Manual, 1889, 854.
Villard to Kuhn & Loeb, Sept. 15, 1891, Villard to Speyer & Co., Sept. 15, 1891, NP, Villard to Speyer & Co., Aug. 1, 1892, President, Letters Sent, LB, vol. 46, 137.H.11. 1 (B), 368-69.
Spofford to Villard, April 17, 1891, LB 84a, Mss 8993, vol. 119, Villard Papers..
Oakes to Wright, April 6, 1891, Oakes to Villard April 6, 1891, NP, President, Letters Sent, LB 27, vol. 51, 137.H.11.2 (F).
Villard to Oakes, March 9, 1891, LB 84a, Mss 8993, vol. 119, Villard Papers.
Joseph A. Schumpeter, Business Cycles: A Theoretical Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process, 2 vols. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939), 1:341.
Report of Dr. Siemens of his Investigation of the condition of the Northern Pacific, Nov. 1893, Northern Pacific Railroad, 1-2, NP, 134.F.1.7 (B).