For an extension of the anti-Chinese logic to Italians and French Canadians, "Cheap Foreign Labor," Union Pacific Employes Magazine, Feb. 1886, p. 9.
The 1880 census put the number of western railroad workers at 36,430, and the western railroads were really only getting started. Their number would increase sevenfold by 1905..
United States Census, 1880, Report of the Agencies of Transportation in the United States . . . (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1883), table VI, group VI, p. 277.
A. Anderson to Villard, Aug. 26, 1881, Telegram, box 38, f. 269, Mss. 8893, vol. 719, Villard Papers.
Van Horne to Harry Abbott, Sept. 21, 1883, LB, 3(1), vol. 1, Van Horne LB.
Van Horne to J. H. Pope, Sept. 10, 1883, LB, 2(2) 1883, vol. 1, Van Horne LB.
W. C. Van Horne to J. Egan, June 20, 1883, Van Horne to Editor, Toronto Globe, July 16, 1883, both in LB, 2(1), vol. 1, Van Horne LB.
Berton, The Impossible Railway, 373-77.
Testimony of Andrew Onderdonk, Oct. 30, 1884, Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration, Report and Evidence (Ottawa: Printed by Order of the Commission, 1885), 148.
Yen, "Chinese Workers," 36.