James F. Hudson, The Railways and the Republic (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1886), 107-24, 135-38.
Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 139-48.
Hudson, Railways and the Republic, 9.
Hudson, Railways and the Republic, 55.
William W. Sharkey, The Theory of Natural Monopoly (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 14, 26.
Posner, "Natural Monopoly and Its Regulation," 548-643.
Sharkey, Theory of Natural Monopoly, vii-27.
Gerald Berk does not see this natural monopoly as describing the mature railroad industry.
Hal R. Varian, Joseph Farrell, and Carl Shapiro, The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004), 30-33.