Richard White, "Information, Markets, and Corruption: Transcontinental Railroads in the Gilded Age," Journal of American History 90 (June 2003): 1943.

Baskin, "Development of Corporate Financial Markets," 209, 215-18.

CPH to Crocker, Jan. 8, 1870, Huntington Letters, 3:57.

Jeffrey Williamson, "Watersheds and Turning Points: Conjectures on the Long-Term Impact of Civil War Financing," Journal of Economic History 34, no. 3 (1974): 651.

Hopkins to CPH, July 19, 1865, CPH Papers, ser. 1, r. 1.