Charles Francis Adams, Charles Francis Adams, 1835-1915: An Autobiography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), 129.
James McPherson, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
Ward, That Man Haupt, 166.
John Clark, Railroads in the Civil War: The Impact of Management on Victory and Defeat (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 2001), 147-51, 156, 160.
Gail Bederman, A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917 (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1995), 10-13.
For quote, Adams to Mrs. Mumford, June 15, 1888, UP, PO, OC, vol. 44, ser. 2, r. 39.
Bederman, Manliness and Civilization, 5-20.
Thomas Winter, Making Men, Making Class (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2002), 1-27, unlike Bederman, sees manhood as remaining dominant over manliness.
Adams to Callaway, May 15, 1885, UP, PO, OC, vol. 31, ser. 2, r. 27.