A minority among the Knights wanted to include the Chinese. The Chinese, of course, could and did organize against employers.
Powderly, Thirty Years of Labor, 218.
David Montgomery, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State and American Labor Activism (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987), 67, 85
Fink, Workingmen's Democracy, 169.
Statement of the Committee of D.A. 162, Knights of Labor of California, in Powderly, Thirty Years of Labor, 216.
Powderly and the Knights leadership pressed against southern racism but not western racism.
F. J. Clark, J. P. Dalton, and A. G. Read, "Committee to General Assembly of Knights of Labor," in Powderly, Thirty Years of Labor, 216-17.
Bromley, Chinese Massacre, 38-39.
Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (Baltimore: Pechin, 1800), Early American Imprints, 166.
Nation, pp. 68-69, quoted in Leon Litwack, The American Labor Movement (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1962).
Adams to S. R. Callaway, May 12, 1886, UP, PO, OC, vol. 38, ser. 2, r. 4.