In North Dakota the open-range industry was confined largely to the Little Missouri River country and the Badlands. It flowered between 1883 and 1887.
Harold E. Briggs, "The Development and Decline of Open Range Ranching in the Northwest," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 20 (March 1934): 526.
Elwyn B. Robinson, History of North Dakota (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1966), 186-93.
J. Orin Oliphant, "The Eastward Movement of Cattle from the Oregon Country," Agricultural History 20 (Jan. 1946): 24-38.
Osgood, Day of the Cattleman, 93.
For various estimates of numbers, Statement of E. V. Smalley, Nimmo, Report, 76-77. Appendix 2, Statement Prepared by Lorenzo Fagersten, Nimmo, Report, 85-86, 88, 89.
Union Pacific, Statement of Livestock Shipments, UP, box 1, 56:192, p. 18.
Dillon to Dodge, Aug. 13, 1877, LB: Personal & Private Correspondence, 1877-78, f. 5, box 180, vol. 383, Dodge Papers.
Statement of E.V. Smalley, Nimmo, Report, 74.
Statement of E.V. Smalley, Nimmo, Report, 81-83.
Brayer, "British Capital," 94.
Briggs, "Development and Decline," 526-27.
Osgood, Day of the Cattleman, 129.