Woodrow Wilson, Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1901), 69.
For turnover and Speaker, see Thompson, The "Spider's Web," 71-93.
In the 1870s the percentage of first term members ran at or near 50%,
Nelson W. Polsby, "The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives," American Political Science Review 62 (March 1968), 146.
For Senate, Rothman, Politics and Power, 11-42.
David T. Canon and Charles Stewart III, "The Evolution of the Committee System in Congress," in Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer (eds.), Congress Reconsidered, seventh edition (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2001), 176.
David T. Canon and Charles Stewart III, "Parties and Hierarchies in Senate Committees, 1789-1946," in Bruce I. Oppenheimer, (ed.), U.S. Senate Exceptionalism (Columbus: University of Ohio Press, 2002), 165, 170-71.
Albert V. House, The Speakership Contest of 1875: Democratic Response to Power, Journal of American History 52 (Sept. 1965): 252-74.
Thompson, Spiders Web, 177.
Waiting for Democratic house, Dodge to George S. Miller, Omaha, March 30, 1875, Box 160, Letterbooks, Texas & Pacific Railroad, 167-68, Dodge Papers.