Klein, Union Pacific, 314-17, 387-88.
Aims McGuinness, Path of Empire: Panama and the California Gold Rush (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 2008), 5, 54-83.
Klein, Union Pacific, 289-90.
Chicago Daily Tribune, Jan. 30, 1880, p. 8, Feb. 1, 1880.
Some 6.3 times as much freight moved within California by rail as was shipped outside in 1873, in 1883 4.6 pounds of goods still moved within California for every pound shipped out.
Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco . . . (San Francisco: C. A. Murdock, 1884), 41-42, see Chart D below or in the appendix.
Tenth Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the State of California, 1889 (Sacramento: J. D. Young, 1880), 46, table 17.
The eighteen items were grains, beans, borax, canned fruit, dried fruit, green fruit, hops, hides/pelts, lumber, leather, mustard seed, quicksilver, salmon, sugar, tea, wine/brandy, and wool.
For shipment of canned goods by clipper ship, Testimony of W. R. Wheeler, Report of the Industrial Commission on Transportation, vol. 9, 754. See Graphs A, B, and C below or in the appendix.