Villard to Higginson, Aug. 23, 1883, Private Letters, 40 A, 302.
Endicott to Villard, Aug. 24, 1883, Beverly Farm, Mss. 899e, v. 719, box 84, Villard Papers..
Statement of Mr. Henry Villard to the Stockholders of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company (New York: John C. Rankin Jr., 1884), 13-14, copy in Mss. 8993, vol. 719, box 61, f. 425, Villard Papers.
Charles Francis Adams, "Which Will Quickest Solve the Railroad Question: Force bills or Public Opinion?" Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Sept. 3, 1875, in Charles Francis Adams, Railway Pamphlets, Stanford University Library, 7-11.
Berk, in Alternative Track finds a reduction of 27 percent, but lumps the reorganizations before 1893 with those afterwards.
Albro Martin, Railroads and the Equity Receivership, 685-709.
I. Leo Sharfman, Railway Regulation: An Analysis of the Underlying Problems in Railway Economics from the Standpoint of Government Regulation (Chicago: La Salle Extension Univ., 1915), 113.
Sharfman was an economist at the Univ. of Michigan.