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Targets
Experimental targets selected for the FFCM work include the following categories: laminar flame speeds (fls), shock tube ignition delay times (ign), shock tube measurements of time to a certain species concentration or concentration gradient (stm), shock tube species profile (pro), and flow reactor species profile (flw). The target table is first compiled from previous efforts on foundational fuels — the GRI-Mech 3.0 [1] and the H2-CO sub-model in USC-Mech II [2], then appended with select data published after their releases. A large body of new combustion data for C0-C1 fuels have been collected and reviewed, and both old and new targets have undergone systematic screening and statistical analysis, as discussed in Data Evaluation. A more complete set of experimental data which the FFCM1 model has been tested against can be found in Test Dataset.
Click on each row to view detailed target descriptions and validation plots.
| Name | T (K) | p (atm) | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fls_1a | 298 | 1 | H2/Air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_1b | 298 | 1 | H2/Air, ϕ=3.0 | |
| fls_2a | 298 | 1 | H2/O2/He, [O2]/[O2+ He]=0.125, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_2b | 298 | 1 | H2/O2/He, [O2]/[O2+ He]=0.125, ϕ=2.25 | |
| fls_3a | 298 | 15 | H2/O2/He, [O2]/[O2+ He]=0.08, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_3b | 298 | 15 | H2/O2/He, [O2]/[O2+ He]=0.08, ϕ=1.75 | |
| fls_4a | 295 | 1 | 0.1197 H2/0.0704 O2/0.8099 He | |
| fls_4b | 295 | 15 | 0.1197 H2/0.0704 O2/0.8099 He | |
| fls_4c | 295 | 25 | 0.1197 H2/0.0704 O2/0.8099 He | |
| fls_5a | 295 | 1 | 0.1183 H2/0.0592 O2/0.8225 He | |
| fls_5b | 295 | 20 | 0.1183 H2/0.0592 O2/0.8225 He | |
| fls_6a | 295 | 10 | 0.1282 H2/0.0641 O2/0.8077 He | |
| fls_6b | 295 | 25 | 0.1282 H2/0.0641 O2/0.8077 He | |
| fls_7a | 295 | 10 | 0.1379 H2/0.069 O2/0.7931 He | |
| fls_7b | 295 | 20 | 0.1379 H2/0.069 O2/0.7931 He | |
| fls_8a | 295 | 1 | 0.2941 H2/0.0588 O2/0.6471 Ar | |
| fls_8b | 295 | 20 | 0.2941 H2/0.0588 O2/0.6471 Ar | |
| fls_9a | 295 | 1 | 0.3221 H2/0.0644 O2/0.6134 Ar | |
| fls_9b | 295 | 25 | 0.3221 H2/0.0644 O2/0.6134 Ar | |
| fls_10a | 295 | 1 | 0.3521 H2/0.0704 O2/0.5775 Ar | |
| fls_10b | 295 | 25 | 0.3521 H2/0.0704 O2/0.5775 Ar | |
| fls_11a | 393 | 1 | 0.10950 H2/0.06441 O2/He | |
| fls_11b | 393 | 10 | 0.10950 H2/0.06441 O2/He | |
| fls_12a | 393 | 2 | 0.11490 H2/0.06759 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_12b | 393 | 6 | 0.11490 H2/0.06759 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_12c | 393 | 10 | 0.11490 H2/0.06759 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_13a | 393 | 1 | 0.12567 H2/0.07392 O2/0.15 H2O/He | |
| fls_13b | 393 | 4 | 0.12567 H2/0.07392 O2/0.15 H2O/He | |
| fls_14a | 295 | 1 | 0.5182 H2/0.1036 O2/0.3782 CO2 | |
| fls_15a | 295 | 1 | 0.5495 H2/0.1099 O2/0.3406 CO2 | |
| fls_16a | 295 | 1 | 0.578 H2/0.1156 O2/0.3064 CO2 | |
| fls_16b | 295 | 25 | 0.578 H2/0.1156 O2/0.3064 CO2 | |
| fls_17a | 295 | 1 | 0.6061 H2/0.1212 O2/0.2727 CO2 | |
| fls_17b | 295 | 10 | 0.6061 H2/0.1212 O2/0.2727 CO2 | |
| fls_17c | 295 | 25 | 0.6061 H2/0.1212 O2/0.2727 CO2 | |
| fls_18a | 393 | 6 | 0.05175 H2/0.05175 CO/0.06088 O2/He | |
| fls_19a | 393 | 1 | 0.05430 H2/0.05430 CO/0.06388 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_19b | 393 | 6 | 0.05430 H2/0.05430 CO/0.06388 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_19c | 393 | 10 | 0.05430 H2/0.05430 CO/0.06388 O2/0.05 H2O/He | |
| fls_20a | 393 | 1 | 0.05939 H2/0.05939 CO/0.06988 O2/0.15 H2O/He | |
| fls_20b | 393 | 4 | 0.05939 H2/0.05939 CO/0.06988 O2/0.15 H2O/He | |
| fls_21a | 300 | 1 | 95% CO/5% H2/Air, ϕ=1.148 | |
| fls_21b | 300 | 1 | 95% CO/5% H2/Air, ϕ=3.895 | |
| fls_22a | 300 | 1 | 50% CO/50% H2/Air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_22b | 300 | 1 | 50% CO/50% H2/Air, ϕ=3.05 | |
| fls_23a | 300 | 1 | 50% CO/50% H2/Air, ϕ=1.69 | |
| fls_24a | 298 | 1 | (% X CO+% X H2)=0.17/air, H2/(H2+ CO+air)=0.0085, ϕ = 0.5 | |
| fls_24b | 298 | 1 | (% X CO+% X H2)=0.17/air, H2/(CO+ H2+air)=0.0495, ϕ = 0.5 | |
| fls_25a | 295 | 1 | 0.1557 H2/0.1557 CO/0.0623 O2/0.6264 Ar | |
| fls_25b | 295 | 15 | 0.1557 H2/0.1557 CO/0.0623 O2/0.6264 Ar | |
| fls_25c | 295 | 25 | 0.1557 H2/0.1557 CO/0.0623 O2/0.6264 Ar | |
| fls_26a | 295 | 1 | 0.0295 H2/0.2655 CO/0.059 O2/0.646 Ar | |
| fls_26b | 295 | 25 | 0.0295 H2/0.2655 CO/0.059 O2/0.646 Ar | |
| fls_27a | 298 | 1 | CH4/air, ϕ=0.7 | |
| fls_27b | 298 | 1 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_27c | 298 | 1 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.3 | |
| fls_28a | 298 | 2 | CH4/air, ϕ=0.7 | |
| fls_28b | 298 | 2 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_28c | 298 | 2 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.3 | |
| fls_29a | 300 | 5 | CH4/air, ϕ=0.7 | |
| fls_29b | 300 | 5 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_29c | 300 | 5 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.3 | |
| fls_30a | 300 | 10 | CH4/air, ϕ=0.8 | |
| fls_30b | 300 | 10 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_30c | 300 | 10 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.3 | |
| fls_31a | 300 | 20 | CH4/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_32a | 300 | 40 | CH4/17% O2/83% He, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_32b | 300 | 60 | CH4/15% O2/85% He, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_33a | 298 | 1 | C2H6/air, ϕ=0.75 | |
| fls_33b | 298 | 1 | C2H6/air, ϕ=1.0 | |
| fls_33c | 298 | 1 | C2H6/air, ϕ=1.3 | |
| fls_34a | 353 | 5 | 0.5354 H2/0.1071 O2/0.3575 CO2 | |
| fls_34b | 353 | 15 | 0.5354 H2/0.1071 O2/0.3575 CO2 | |
| fls_34c | 353 | 20 | 0.5354 H2/0.1071 O2/0.3575 CO2 | |
| fls_34d | 353 | 25 | 0.5354 H2/0.1071 O2/0.3575 CO2 | |
| fls_35a | 298 | 1 | H2/O2/N2, O2/(O2+N2)=0.077, ϕ=1.5 | |
| fls_36a | 298 | 1 | H2/O2/N2, O2/(O2+N2)=0.1077, ϕ=0.9 | |
| fls_37a | 298 | 40 | (95% CO+5% H2)/(O2+7 He), ϕ=3 | |
| ign_3a | t to [CO2] onset | 2160 | 1.492 | 12.17% CO/0.05% H2/1% O2/86.78% Ar |
| ign_3b | t to [CO2] onset | 2625 | 1.949 | 12.17% CO/0.05% H2/1% O2/86.78% Ar |
| ign_4a | t to dp/dt|max | 1500 | 2.04 | 9.1% CH4/18.2% O2/72.7% Ar |
| ign_4b | t to dp/dt|max | 1700 | 2.04 | 9.1% CH4/18.2% O2/72.7% Ar |
| ign_5a | t to d[OH*]/dt|max | 1600 | 3.8 | 33.3% CH4/13.3% O2/53.4% Ar |
| ign_6a | t to dp/dt|max | 1530 | 1.6 | 4.8% CH4/19.1% O2/76.1% Ar |
| ign_6b | t to dp/dt|max | 1845 | 1.96 | 4.8% CH4/19.1% O2/76.1% Ar |
| ign_7a | t to dp/dt|max | 1408 | 34.6 | 3.4% CH4/6.7% O2/89.9% Ar |
| ign_7b | t to dp/dt|max | 1706 | 83.9 | 0.28% CH4/0.56% O2/99.16% Ar |
| ign_8a | t to dp/dt|max | 1356 | 6.1 | 3.29% CH4/0.21% C2H6/7% O2/89.5% Ar |
| ign_8b | t to dp/dt|max | 1688 | 7.6 | 3.29% CH4/0.21% C2H6/7% O2/89.5% Ar |
| stm_1a | t to d[OH]/dt|max | 1754 | 33 | 0.5% H2/0.25% O2/99.25% Ar/80 ppb H |
| stm_2a | t to d[OH]/dt|max | 1189 | 33 | 2% H2/1% O2/97% Ar/80 ppb H |
| stm_2b | t to d[OH]/dt|max | 1300 | 33 | 2% H2/1% O2/97% Ar/80 ppb H |
| stm_3a | t to d[OH]/dt|max | 1524 | 64 | 0.1% H2/0.05% O2/99.85% Ar/80 ppb H |
| stm_5a | t to [OH]|72μs/2 | 2898 | 1.98 | 1.10% H2/0.208% O2/Ar |
| stm_6a | t to ½ of [H2O] rise | 1192 | 1.95 | 2216ppm H2O2/1364ppm H2O/682ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_6b | t to [OH]max | 1192 | 1.95 | 2216ppm H2O2/1364ppm H2O/682ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_6c | t to [OH]max/2 | 1192 | 1.95 | 2216ppm H2O2/1364ppm H2O/682ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_7a | t to ½ of [H2O] rise | 1398 | 1.91 | 2540ppm H2O2/1234ppm H2O/617ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_7b | t to [OH]max | 1398 | 1.91 | 2540ppm H2O2/1234ppm H2O/617ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_7c | t to [OH]max/2 | 1398 | 1.91 | 2540ppm H2O2/1234ppm H2O/617ppm O2/Ar |
| stm_8a | t to [CH3]max | 2000 | 1 | 994ppm CH4/0.2021% O2/99.7% Ar |
| stm_8b | t to [CH3]max | 2400 | 1 | 994ppm CH4/0.2021% O2/99.7% Ar |
| stm_9a | t to [CH3]max | 2264 | 1.02 | 0.2012% CH4/0.10% O2/99.7% Ar |
| stm_10b | t to [CH3]max | 1932 | 1 | 0.1% CH4/0.4% O2/99.5% Ar |
| stm_10a | t to [CH3]max | 2454 | 1 | 0.1% CH4/0.4% O2/99.5% Ar |
| stm_11a | t to [OH]max/2 | 2000 | 1 | 0.1% CH4/0.2% O2/99.7% Ar |
| stm_11b | t to [OH]max/2 | 2200 | 1 | 0.1% CH4/0.2% O2/99.7% Ar |
| stm_12a | t to [OH]max/2 | 1750 | 1.51 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| stm_12b | t to [CO]max/2 | 1750 | 1.51 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| stm_12c | t to [OH]max/2 | 1900 | 1.64 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| stm_12d | t to [CO]max/2 | 1900 | 1.64 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| stm_13a | t to [OH]max/2 | 1750 | 1.51 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| stm_13b | t to [CO]max/2 | 1750 | 1.51 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| stm_13c | t to [OH]max/2 | 1900 | 1.64 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| stm_13d | t to [CO]max/2 | 1900 | 1.64 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| stm_14a | t to [OH]max/2 | 1865 | 2.45 | 1% CH4/1.5% O2/97.5% Ar |
| stm_14b | t to [CO]max/2 | 1865 | 2.45 | 1% CH4/1.5% O2/97.5% Ar |
| stm_15a | t to [CO]max/2 | 2124 | 1.17 | 1.46% CH2O/98.54% Ar |
| stm_16a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1724 | 1.51 | 1.97% CH2O/98.03% Ar |
| stm_17a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1784 | 2.32 | 1.47% CH2O/0.25% O2/98.28% Ar |
| stm_18a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1442 | 1.89 | 0.49% CH2O/1.98% O2/97.53% Ar |
| stm_19a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1768 | 0.911 | 1.0% CH2O/5.96% O2/93.02% Ar |
| stm_20a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1515 | 2 | 1.0% CH2O/0.6% O2/98.4% Ar |
| stm_21a | t to [CO]max/2 | 1720 | 1.51 | 1.5% CH2O/1.5% O2/97% Ar |
| stm_22a | t to [CH2O]max/2 | 1256 | 1.55 | 4% CH2O/1% O2/95% Ar |
| stm_22b | t to [CH2O]max/2 | 1591 | 2.31 | 4% CH2O/1% O2/95% Ar |
| stm_23a | t to [CH2O]max/2 | 1419 | 1.81 | 2% CH2O/1% O2/97% Ar |
| stm_24a | t to [CH3]max | 1794 | 1.17 | 295ppm C2H6/0.1055% % O2/99.865% Ar |
| stm_25a | t to [CH3]max | 1684 | 1.35 | C2H6-Ar(206ppm) |
| stm_26a | t to [OH]max/2 | 1817 | 1.21 | 300ppm C2H6/0.105% O2/99.865% Ar |
| pro_1a | [OH]max | 1192 | 1.95 | 2216ppm H2O2/1364ppm H2O/682ppm O2/Ar |
| pro_2a | [OH]max | 1398 | 1.91 | 2540ppm H2O2/1234ppm H2O/617ppm O2/Ar |
| pro_3a | [CH3]max | 2000 | 1 | 994ppm CH4/0.2021% O2/99.6985% Ar |
| pro_3b | [CH3]max | 2400 | 1 | 994ppm CH4/0.2021% O2/99.6985% Ar |
| pro_4a | [CH3]max | 2264 | 1.02 | 0.2012% CH4/0.1% O2/99.7%Ar |
| pro_5a | [CO]max | 1750 | 1.51 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| pro_5b | [CO]max | 1900 | 1.64 | 0.4% CH4/20% O2/79.6% Ar |
| pro_6a | [CO]max | 1750 | 1.51 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| pro_6b | [CO]max | 1900 | 1.64 | 1% CH4/3% O2/96% Ar |
| pro_7a | [CO]max | 1865 | 2.45 | 1% CH4/1.5% O2/97.5% Ar |
| pro_8a | [CH3]max | 1794 | 1.17 | 295ppm C2H6/0.1055% O2/99.865% Ar |
| pro_9a | [CH3]max | 1684 | 1.35 | 206ppm C2H6/Ar |
| flw_1a | t to [H2]max/2 | 914 | 15.7 | 1.18% H2/0.61% O2/98.21% N2 |
| flw_2a | t to [H2]max/2 | 914 | 6.5 | 1.36% H2/2.24% O2/96.4% N2 |
| flw_3a | t to [H2]max/2 | 896 | 0.6 | 0.5% H2/0.76% O2/98.74% N2 |
| flw_4a | t to [H2]max/2 | 880 | 0.3 | 0.5% H2/0.5% O2/99% N2 |
[1] Smith GP, Golden DM, Frenklach M, Moriarty NW, Eiteneer B, Goldenberg M, Bowman CT, Hanson RK, Song S, Gardiner Jr WC, Lissianski VV, Qin Z. GRI-Mech 3.0. 1999.
[2] Davis SG, Joshi AV, Wang H, Egolfopoulos F. An optimized kinetic model of H2/CO combustion. Proc Combust Inst. 2005;30:1283-92.