Contact Information

Education

• Ph.D. Experimental Psychology; University of California, Santa Cruz, August 1996
  Dissertation Title: Visual search for flicker (Dr. Melanie Mayer, Psychology and Psychobiology)
• B.A. Highest Honors, Psychology; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, June 1991

Professional Experience

• Research Director, Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaing (CNI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 2010 - present
• Executive Board, Stanford Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, 2009 - present
• Planning Committee, Stanford Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, 2006 - 2010
• Senior Research Scientist, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2001 - 2010
• Co-founder, Vischeck.com 1999 - present (Designed, built and maintain a popular web service that simulates colorblindness.)
• Co-founder, Image U, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 2000 - 2003 (built and managed an e-commerce photosharing web site and developed hardware attachments for digital cameras.)
• Open source contributions:
  • LM Sensors project, 2000. I wrote the Via686A device driver.
  • M4I, 2001-2003. I maintained an embedded linux distribution based on (the now defunct) Midori Linux.
• Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (Dr. Brian Wandell) 1998 - 2000
• Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Dr. Deborah Giaschi), 1996 - 1998

Papers

2009-2011

• Rauschecker AM, Bowen RF, Perry LM, Kevan AM, Dougherty RF, & Wandell BA (2011). Visual feature-tolerance in the reading network. Neuron 71(5):941-53. (PMID: 21903085)
• Yeatman J, Dougherty RF, Wandell BA, & Ben-Shachar M. (2011). Anatomical Properties of the Arcuate Fasciculus Predict Phonological and Reading Skills in Children. J. Cogn. Neurosci. (PMID: 21568636)
• Ben-Shachar M, Dougherty RF, Deutsch GK, & Wandell BA. (2011). The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms. J. Cogn. Neurosci. (PMID: 21261451)
• Stikov, N., Keenan, K.E., Pauly, J.M., Smith, R.L., Dougherty, R.F. & Gold, G.E. (2011). Cross-relaxation imaging of human articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. doi: 10.1002/mrm.22865. (PMID: 21416504)
• Dastjerdi M, Foster BL, Nasrullah S, Rauschecker AM, Dougherty RF, Townsend JD, Chang C, Greicius MD, Menon V, Kennedy DP, Parvizi J. (2011). Differential electrophysiological response during rest, self-referential, and non-self-referential tasks in human posteromedial cortex. PNAS, 108(7):3023-8. (PMID: 21282630)
• Stikov, N., Perry, L.M., Mezer, A., Rykhlevskaia, E., Wandell, B.A., Pauly, J.M. & Dougherty, R.F. (2010). Bound Pool Fractions Complement Diffusion Measures to Describe White Matter Micro and Macrostructure. Neuroimage; doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.068. (PMID: 20828622)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F., & Taylor, J.E. (2010). Group Comparison of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Diffusion Tensors. Journal of the American Statistical Association. (pdf)
• Thomason, M.E., Dougherty, R.F., Colich, N.L., Perry, L.M., Rykhlevskaia, E.I., Louro, H.M., Hallmayer, J.F., Waugh, C.E., Bammer, R., Glover, G.H. & Gotlib, I.H. (2010). COMT genotype is associated with prefrontal brain white matter pathways in children. NeuroImage; doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.033. (PMID: 20083203)
• Levin, N., Dumoulin, S.O., Winawer, J., Dougherty, R.F. & Wandell, B.A. (2010). Cortical Maps and White Matter Tracts following Long Period of Visual Deprivation and Retinal Image Restoration. Neuron, 65(1), pgs. 21-31; doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.006. (PMID: 20152110)
• Tsang, J.M., Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., Wandell, B.A. & Ben-Shachar, M. (2009). Frontoparietal white matter diffusion properties predict mental arithmetic skills in children. PNAS; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906094106. (online | PMID: 19948963)
• Sherbondy, A.J., Dougherty, R.F., Ananthanarayanan, R., Modha, D.S. & Wandell, B.A. (2009). Think Global, Act Local; Projectome Estimation with BlueMatter. Medical image computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention Proceedings. (pdf)

2007-2008

• Sherbondy, A.J., Dougherty, R.F., Napel, S. & Wandell, B.A. (2008). Identifying the human optic radiation using diffusion imaging and fiber tractography. Journal of Vision, 8(10):12,1-11; doi:10.1167/8.10.12. (online | PMID: 19146354)
• Herbsman, T., Forster, L., Molnar, C., Dougherty, R., Christie, D., Koola, J., Ramsey, D., Morgan, P.S., Bohning, D.E., George, M.S. & Nahas, Z. (2008). Motor threshold in transcranial magnetic stimulation: The impact of white matter fiber orientation and skull-to-cortex distance. Hum Brain Mapp., doi:10.1002/hbm.20649. (online | PMID: 18973261)
• Rauschecker, A.M., Deutsch, G.K., Ben-Shachar, M., Schwartzman, A., Perry, L.M. and Dougherty, R.F. (2008). Reading impairment in a patient with missing arcuate fasciculus. Neuropsychologia, doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.08.011. (online | PMID: 18775735)
• Sherbondy, A.J., Dougherty R.F., Ben-Shachar, M., Napel, S. & Wandell, B.A. (2008). ConTrack: Finding the most likely pathways between brain regions using diffusion tractography. Journal of Vision, 8(9):15,1-16; doi:10.1167/8.9.15. (online | PMID: 18831651)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F., Lee, J., Ghahremani, D. & Taylor, J.E. (2008). Empirical Null and False Discovery Rate Analysis in Neuroimaging. NeuroImage, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.182. (preprint | PMID: 18547821)
• Greicius, M.D., Supekar, K., Menon, V. & Dougherty, R.F. (2008). Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reflects Structural Connectivity in the Default-Mode Network. Cerebral Cortex, doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn059. (online | pdf | PMID: 18403396)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F., & Taylor, J.E. (2008). False discovery rate analysis of brain diffusion direction maps. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 2(1):153-175. (pdf)
• Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., & Wandell, B.A. (2007). Contrast Responsivity in MT+ Correlates with Phonological Awareness and Reading Measures in Children. NeuroImage, 37(4):1396-406. (online | PMID: 17689981)
• Dougherty, R.F., Ben-Shachar, M., Deutsch, G.K., Hernandez, A., Fox, G.R., & Wandell, B.A. (2007). Temporal-callosal pathway diffusivity predicts phonological skills in children. PNAS, 104(20):8556-61. (online | PMID: 17483487)
• Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R.F., & Wandell, B.A. (2007). White matter pathways in reading. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17(2):258-70. (PMID: 17379499)
• Chase C., Dougherty, R.F., Ray, N., Fowler, S. & Stein, J. (2007). L/M speed-matching ratio predicts reading in children. Optom Vis Sci. 84(3):229-36. (PMID: 17435537)
• Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K. & Wandell, B.A. (2007). Differential sensitivity to words and shapes in ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 17(7):1604-1611. (online | PMID: 16956978)

2005-2006

• Cornelissen F.W., Wade A.R., Vladusich T., Dougherty R.F., Wandell B.A. (2006). No functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for brightness and color filling-in in early human visual cortex. J Neurosci. 26(14):3634-41. (PMID: 16597716)
• Wandell, B.A. & Dougherty, R.F. (2006). Computational Neuroimaging: Maps and tracts in the human brain. Proceedings of the SPIE v6057, #605701. (pdf)
• Dougherty, R.F., Ben-Shachar, M., Deutsch, G., Potanina, P., Bammer, R., & Wandell, B.A. (2005). Occipital-Callosal Pathways in Children: Validation and Atlas Development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 1064, pgs. 98-112. (pdf | PMID: 16394151)
• Dougherty, R.F., Ben-Shachar, M., Bammer, R., Brewer, A.A., & Wandell, B.A. (2005). Functional Organization of Human Occipital-callosal Fiber Tracts. PNAS, 102(20):7350-7355. (online | PMID: 15883384)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F., & Taylor, J.E. (2005). Cross-subject comparison of principal diffusion direction maps. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 53(6):1423-1431. (pdf | PMID: 15906307)
• Wandell, B.A., Brewer, A.A., & Dougherty, R.F. (2005). Visual Field Map Clusters in Human Cortex. Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society London, 360:693-707 (pdf | PMID: 15937008)
• Sherbondy, A., Akers, D., Mackenzie, R., Dougherty, R., & Wandell, B.A. (2005). Exploring Connectivity of the Brain's White Matter with Dynamic Queries. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 11(4):419-430 (pdf | PMID: 16138552)
• Deutsch, G.K., Dougherty, R.F., Siok, W.T., Bammer, R., Gabrieli, J.D., & Wandell, B.A. (2005). Correlations Between White Matter Microstructure and Reading Performance in Children. Cortex, 41 (3), 354-363. (pdf | PMID: 15871600)
• Ho, C.S., Giaschi, D.E., Boden, C., Dougherty, R., Cline, R., Lyons, C. (2005). Deficient motion perception in the fellow eye of amblyopic children. Vision Research, 45 (12), 1615-1627. (PMID: 15781077)
• Parrish, E.E., Giaschi, D.E., Boden, C., Dougherty, R. (2005). The maturation of form and motion perception in school age children. Vision Research, 45 (7), 827-837. (PMID: 15644223)

2004 and earlier

• Akers, D., Sherbondy, A., Mackenzie, R., Dougherty, R.F., & Wandell, B.A. (2004). Exploration of the Brain's White Matter Neural Pathways with Dynamic Queries. Proceedings of IEEE Visualization (VIS'04), pp. 377-384. (abstract | pdf | movie)
• Edwards, V.T., Giaschi, D.E., Dougherty, R.F., Edgell, D., Bjornson, B.H., Lyons, C. & Douglas, R.M. (2004). Psychophysical indices of temporal processing abnormalities in children with developmental dyslexia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 25 (3), 321-354. (pdf | PMID: 15148002)
• Dougherty, R.F, Brewer, A.A, Koch, V., Fischer, B., Modersitzki, J. & Wandell, B.A. (2003). The Position, Surface Area and Visual Field Representation of Visual Areas V1/2/3 in Human Visual Cortex. Journal of Vision, 3 (10), 586-598. (online | PMID: 14640882)
• Huk, A.C., Dougherty, R.F., Heeger, D.J. (2002). Retinotopy and Functional Subdivision of Human Areas MT and MST Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7195-205. (pdf | PMID: 12177214)
• Press, W.A., Brewer, A., Dougherty, R.F., Wade, A.R., & Wandell, B.A. (2001). Visual Areas and Spatial Summation in Human Visual Cortex. Vision Research, 41, pgs. 1321-1332. (pdf | PMID: 11322977)
• Dougherty, R.F., Press, W.A. & Wandell, B.A. (1999). Perceived speed of colored stimuli. Neuron, v24, pg. 893-899. (pdf | PMID: 10624952)
• Dougherty, R.F., Cynader, M., Bjornson, B.H., Edgell, D. & Giaschi, D.E. (1998). Dichotic pitch: A new stimulus distinguishes normal and dyslexic auditory function. Neuroreport, 9, pgs. 3001-3005. (pdf | PMID: 9804305)
• Mayer, M.J., Dougherty, R.F. & Hu, L. (1995). A covariance structure analysis of flicker sensitivity. Vision Research, 35, 1575-1583. (PMID: 7667915)
• Mayer, M.J., Ward, B., Klein, R., Talcott, J.B. & Dougherty, R.F. (1994). Flicker sensitivity and fundus appearance in pre-exudative age-related maculopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 35, 1138-1149. (PMID: 8125725)

Selected Abstracts, Proceedings and/or Slides from Presentations

• Dougherty, R.F., Stikov, N., Pauly, J., and Wandell, B.A. (2008). Quantitative MRI and DTI of human white matter tracts: Myelin density and diffusivity. Society for Neuroscience annual meeting,Washington, D.C. (pdf of poster)
• Dougherty, R.F. (2007). The Literate Brain: A neuroscience perspective on reading development. Talk at the Asilomar Regional Reading Conference, March 11 2007. (pdf of slides)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F. and Taylor, J.E. (2006). A general empirical null for voxelwise FDR inference in neuroimaging. Poster at Human Brain Mapping. (pdf)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F. and Taylor, J.E. (2006). A log-normal distribution and two-sample tests for the full diffusion tensor. Poster at Human Brain Mapping. (pdf)
• Sherbondy, A., Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R., Akers, D., Napel, S., Wandell, B. (2006). MetroTrac: A Metropolis Algorithm for Probabilistic Tractography. Poster at Human Brain Mapping. (pdf)
• Dougherty, R.F. (2006). Interhemispheric connections related to reading skill measured with diffusion tensor imaging. Talk at SPIE Electronic Imaging conference in San Jose. (slides)
• Hernandez, A., Dougherty, R.F., Fox, Glenn R., Ben-Shachar, M., Deutsch, G.K., Potanina, P., Bammer, R., Wandell, B.A. (2006). Callosal segments defined by cortical projection zones differ in fractional anisotropy. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society meeting. (pdf)
• Fox, Glenn R. and Dougherty, R.F. (2006). Psychosurgery Revisited: Frontal Lobotomy Lesions Estimated with Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society meeting in San Francisco. (abstract | pdf)
• Dougherty, R.F. (2005). Occipital-Callosal Pathways. Invited talk at the Rochester Center for Brain Imaging.
• Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., Ben-Shachar, M., Potanina, P., Bammer, R., Wandell, B.A. (2005). Callosal pathways associated with reading and phonological awareness in children. Society for Neuroscience annual meeting, Washington, D.C. (abstract)
• Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., Potanina, P., Wandell, B.A. (2005). Word-response functions in occipitotemporal sulcus are modulated by age and reading skills in 7- to 12-year-old children. Society for Neuroscience annual meeting, Washington, D.C. (abstract)
• Dougherty, R.F. (2005). The anatomy of reading. Invited talk at the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) meeting in Denver. (slides)
• Mulye, G.S., Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K. & Wandell, B.A. (2004). Comparing human white matter structure using diffusion tensor imaging and tensor map deformations. BCATS 2004. (abstract)
• Schwartzman, A., Dougherty, R.F., Taylor, J.E. (2004). Comparison of principal diffusion directions using directional statistics. Human Brain Mapping, Budapest, June 2004. (poster)
• Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., Bammer, R., Schwartzman, A., & Wandell, B.A. (2004). White matter pathways related to reading. Cognitive Neuroscience Society annual meeting, San Francisco (poster)
• Dougherty, R.F., Deutsch, G.K., Siok, W.T., Bammer, R., Gabrieli, J.D., & Wandell, B.A. (2003). Diffusion tensor imaging and reading development. Society for Neuroscience 33rd annual meeting, New Orleans (slides)
• Deutsch, G.K., Dougherty, R.F., Siok, W.T., Bammer, R., Gabrieli, J.D., & Wandell, B.A. (2003). Correlations between white matter microstructure and reading performance in children. ISMRM in Toronto, Canada. (pdf of abstract)
• Siok, W.T, Deutsch, G., Dougherty, RF, Glover, G. & Gabrielli, J. (2003). An event-related fMRI study of word regularity and frequency effects. Human Brain Mapping Conference.
• Applications of Anatomical MRI: Cortical metrology and reading. Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Intitute, San Francisco, CA; April 2003.
• Cortical metrology: Measuring the human visual system with fMRI. UCB Vision Science Oxyopia seminar series, Berkeley; April 2003.
• Dougherty, R.F., Brewer, A.A., Wade, A.R. & Wandell, B.A. (2002). Measurement of human visual areas across individuals. Society for Neuroscience 32nd Annual Meeting. (pdf of poster)
• Dougherty, R.F., Koch, V., Wade, A.R., Fischer, B. & Wandell, B.A. (2001). Semi-automatic identification of retinotopic visual areas. Biomedical Computation at Stanford (BCATS). (pdf of poster)
• Dougherty, R.F., Khan, R.M., Press, W.A., Wade, A.R., Baseler, H.A., Heeger, D.J. & Wandell, B.A. (1999) Retinotopy in the human MT complex. Society for Neuroscience 29th Annual Meeting (see abstract).
• Dougherty, R.F., Press, W.A., Baseler, H.A. & Wandell, B.A. (1999) Perceived speed of cone-isolating stimuli. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, (40) S190. (see abstract)
• Dougherty, R.F., Au Young, S.M.W., Giaschi, D.E., Bjornson, B.H. & Wong, P.K.H. (1998) Comparison of visual activation measured by fMRI and High Resolution EEG. NeuroImage Suppl. (see abstract).
• Dougherty, R.F. & Giaschi, D.E. (1998) Reaction time to spatial frequency measured with the point process method. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 39, S405. (see abstract and poster)
• Boden, C., Giaschi, D.E. & Dougherty, R.F. (1998) Maturation of motion perception in preschoolers. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 39, S1086.
• Dichotic pitch: The 'magic ear'. Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz; October 1998.
• The magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia. Paper presented at the reading disability symposium, American Educational Research Association (AERA), San Diego; April 1998.
• Dougherty, R.F., Giaschi, D., Bjornson, B., Chamut, S., Edgell, D. & Lyons, C. (1997) In search of the best psychophysical indicator of an M-stream deficit in developmental dyslexia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 38, S649. (see abstract)
• Peterzell, D.H., Dougherty, R.F. & Mayer, M.J. (1997) Temporal tuning of flicker-sensitive channels derived from individual differences in de Lange functions. Vision Science and Its Applications: Technical Digest, Optical Society of America, Washington DC, pp. 218-221.
• Developmental dyslexia: From genes to cognition through perception. Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz; June 1997. (see abstract)
• Developmental dyslexia. Grand rounds, Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver; June 1997.
• Dougherty, R.F., Smith, A., Verardo, M.R. & Mayer, M.J. (1996) Visual search for flicker: High frequency targets capture attention. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 37, S296. (see abstract)
• Talcott, J.B., Mayer, M.J. & Dougherty, R.F. (1996) Flicker sensitivity in observers with anomalous color vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 37, S1062.
• Dougherty, R.F., Verardo, M.R. & Mayer, M.J. (1995) Visual search for flicker is dependent on stimulus discriminability. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 36, S901. (see abstract)
• Dougherty, R.F., Mayer, M.J. & Talcott, J.B. (1994) An uncertainty effect for flicker sensitivity. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Western Psychological Association. Kona, HI.
• Talcott, J.B., Mayer, M.J. & Dougherty, R.F. (1994) Flicker sensitivity anomalies in adults with developmental dyslexia. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Western Psychological Association. Kona, HI.
• Mayer, M.J., Ward, B., Klein, R., Talcott, J.B. & Dougherty, R.F. (1993) Predicting exudative age-related maculopathy. In Ophthalmic and Visual Optics/Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System Technical Digest, 3, (pp. 286-289). Washington, DC.: Optical Society of America.
• Mayer, M.J., Ward, B., Klein, R., Talcott, J.B. & Dougherty, R.F. (1993) Predicting exudative age-related maculopathy from foveal flicker sensitivity. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 34, S1161.

Awards

• National Eye Institute Travel Grant to attend the ARVO annual meeting, May 1999.
• Best Basic Science Presentation, Research Day, Department of Ophthalmology, UBC, May 1998.
• Best Basic Science Presentation, Research Day, Department of Ophthalmology, UBC, May 1997.
• Travel Fellowship, Western Psychological Association 1994 annual meeting, June 1994.

Professional Memberships

• Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS)
• Society for Neuroscience (SFN)
• Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR)

Patents

• A method for modifying the dimensionality of color images. (provisional)
• A mobile system for labeling images and subsequently distributing them via an Internet database. (pending)

Teaching Experience

• Co-taught Reading: Science, Education and Politics (Psych 12N; Stanford, 2001)
• Guest lectures:
  • Introduction to Psychology (Stanford, 1999, 2000 & 2003)
  • Neuroimaging graduate seminar (Stanford, 1999)
  • Sensation and Perception (UBC, 1997)
  • Introduction to Philosophy (UCSC, 1996)
  • Psychology of Religion (UCSC, 1995)
  • British Empiricists (UCSC, 1995)
  • Physiological Psychology (UCSC, 1994).
• Supervision of undergraduate research assistants
• Teaching Assistantships:
  • Introduction to Ethical Theory (Dr. Ellen Sukiel, Philosophy, UCSC), Spring 1996
  • Introduction to Philosophy (Dr. David Chalmers, Philosophy, UCSC), Winter 1996
  • Rationality of Belief in God (Dr. Richard Otte, Philosophy, UCSC), Fall 1995
  • The British Empiricists (Dr. Holly Thomas, Philosophy, UCSC), Spring 1995
  • Contemporary Ethical Issues (Dr. Daniel Guevara, Philosophy, UCSC), Winter 1995
  • Introduction to Statistics (Dr. Alan Kawamoto, Psychology, UCSC), Fall 1994
  • Physiological Psychology (Dr. Bruce Bridgeman, Psychology, UCSC), Winter 1994
  • Cognitive Processes (Dr. Dominic Massaro, Psychology, UCSC), Fall 1993
  • Research Methods (Dr. Mary Susan Weldon, Psychology, UCSC), Winter 1993
  • Sensory Perception (Dr. Michelle Millis, Psychology, UCSC), Fall 1992
  • Mind and Behavior (Dr. Dominic Massaro, Psychology, UCSC), Winter 1992

Technical Skills

• Web development (PHP, SQL, Servlets, HTML, CSS, Apache SSL and MySQL administration.)
• Linux System administration
• C and C++ programming (Mac, Windows and Unix)
• Visual & auditory psychophysical stimulus generation
• Neuroimaging data processing (fMRI, anatomical, DTI)
• Statistical analysis

References

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